Examine how social inequalities, demographic change, and patterns and trends affect health and social care delivery.
C.P5 Explain how social inequality affects different groups in society.
C.P6 Explain how demographic data is used in service provision in a local health and social care setting.
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UNIT 10 SOCIOLOGY PRESPECTIVES
ABIGAIL ADJEI HAGAN 643008
Task 2
Introduction
Society is unequal and some social groups suffer from poor health because of this social
inequality. people with disabilities experience prejudice and negative attitudes towards others
based on prejudice against them based on little or no knowledge or experience. For example,
people with disabilities are all stupid and these kinds of views that can be done without doing
anything to someone can lead to a negative stereotype, someone believes that all members of a
particular group share the same negative features. This is called labelling, ignores the
differences, and assumes that even if a person with a disability achieves something in life, not all
people with disabilities can learn or perform the task without considering cognitive abilities.
increase. These views lead to discrimination if someone is mistreated because of a membership
or perceived connection to a group. For example, a wheelchair user cannot get job because the
company needs to make changes to the building. Therefore, this can cause individuals Feeling
left behind, left behind, unwanted, left behind, which can lead to human developing mental
illness. The percentage of people with disabilities who reported feeling lonely "often or always"
was almost four times higher than those without disabilities. In the year to March 2018, 13.3% of
people with disabilities reported feeling lonely "often or always", compared to only 3.4% of
people without disabilities. ONS (Office for National Statistics 2019) People with disabilities
feel lack of socialization, feel excluded, discriminated against, ignored, difficult to find jobs, and
therefore low income, poor health, mental illness I have problems such as the onset of a disease.
This can lead to social exclusion, where society no longer considers them part of society, and as
a result, their health needs are ignored. About one It is believed that five (19%) people in the UK
live with disabilities, but little is known about access to medical services and barriers. Men with
disabilities were more than seven times more likely to have unmet medical needs due to
treatment costs and was more than five times more likely than men without disabilities. (BMJ,
2017) 96% of UK territory has failed to meet the goal of delivering all wheelchairs within the 18
weeks guaranteed by the NHS (National Health Service) Constitution It has wheelchairs and
unsafe equipment A paraplegic person stuck in bed while waiting for the 4,444 children with
disabilities who have left. (The Guardian, 2017)
The Black Report (1980), supervised by Sir Douglas Black, provides a detailed and
comprehensive account of the relationship between social class and environmental factors,
health, illness, and life expectancy. This report reveals significant differences in health and
illness levels between different social classes, thereby explaining the differences in illness and
life expectancy levels between different social classes. This means that these differences in the
health and well-being of were due to the impact of people's income levels, housing quality, and
the environment in which they live and work. The Black Report provided four explanations for
the differences in the class of health.
,Statistical Artifacts – It suggests that it is not the social class, but the age structure and
employment pattern of the lowest social class people who explain the difference. Statistics is said
to have created a biased situation in which there is a link between low social class, high levels of
illness, and low life expectancy. It is an industry, and the incidence of illness is expected to be
high at. According to official statistics, 9 years old is the age difference of life expectancy of for
men in some of the poorest and wealthiest parts of the UK. For women, the gap is 7 years. (C
Milne, 2016)
Natural or Social Choices-Indicates that people belong to a lower class due to poor health,
absenteeism, and lack of energy needed for success and promotion. However, this was rejected
by sociologists. Because there is evidence that poor health is not caused by adverse situations,
but by adverse conditions. For example, healthy people are more likely to be promoted, and
unhealthy people are more likely to lose their jobs.
Cultural or Behavioural Choices – Focuses on behavioural and lifestyle choices for people in the
lower social classes of. Lower class people smoke more, drink more, are more likely to eat junk
food, and have less physical activity. It is associated with major causes of death such as coronary
artery disease, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and diabetes. However, some argue that this
behaviour is simply the result of lack of education, laziness, stupidity, or other individual traits.
For example, 25% were male professionals and 59% were males of unskilled workers who are
now smokers. (Social Health Association, 1980)
Material or Structural – Emphasizes the role of economic and related social structural factors in
the distribution of health and welfare. Disadvantageous people with short life expectancy and
high mortality rates are said to be in poorer health than other groups due to inequality in wealth
and income. For example, the high incidence of childhood respiratory disease is associated with
damp homes. However, the full impact of living standards can only be understood for life. Also,
in the UK, disadvantaged people receive various kinds of state help such as rent, free school
meals which, some argue, makes diet or poor housing unlikely to account for all inequalities’
health outcomes. (Social Health Association, 1980)
Marmot Review 2010 and 2018 looks at the differences in illness patterns between social groups
Group and explain how the "social gradient" in health inequality is reflected in the social
gradient Level of education, employment, income, and housing conditions to improve health
When social status rises. There is no evidence that the mortality rate for people under the age of
50 has declined. In fact, the mortality rate of 4,444 people aged 4,549 is rising. Social and
financial conditions can be detrimental to health at this age. Marmot reviews recently confirmed
an increase in the North-South health gap. There is the largest decrease in the north-eastern most
disadvantaged 10% neighbourhood and the largest increase in the least disadvantaged 10% of
London's neighbourhood. (Health Disparity Research Institute, 2020) Marmot Review suggests
that taking Action to reduce health inequality has many positive impacts on society, including
reducing illness in the population and increasing productivity with economic benefits. This is
consistent with the four statements in the Black Report. It is a policy to reduce health inequality,
school meals, education and free health education programs, fair employment and a decent job
for everyone, the best start of life for all children. Suggests that you must give. (Health
, Knowledge, 2016) Half of ethnic minority groups, primarily Black people, Asians, and mixed
races, had significantly lower birth-free lifespans than white British men or women. The lowest
DFLE observed were Bangladeshi men and Pakistani women. DFLE was highest among Chinese
men and women. Among older people over the age of 60, ethnic minority groups are more likely
than white British to report poor health or self-reported poor health.
Learning Aim C
Social inequalities are defined as "the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for
different social positions or statuses within a group or society" (Study. Com, 2019). They can
arise for a variety of reasons but are frequently based on previous social norms and beliefs that
influence how an individual behaves toward certain groups of people. Because people's beliefs
influence how they react toward others with specific features, different groups may experience
social inequities in different ways.
Social class “refers to divisions in society based on economic and social status” (Thompson. K,
2016), however many individuals will have differing perspectives on what defines and makes up
social class. Society in the UK is split into three classes: lower, middle, and upper; lower class
individuals are typically involved in manual work and have low educational levels of
achievement, middle class individuals often have low levels of manual work and have higher
educational achievements and upper-class individuals are typically seen as elite and controlling
of society. Even though the NHS (National Health Service) was established to help reduce
inequalities in health and social care based on social class, when the NHS is unable to provide
healthcare, individuals from a higher social class are more likely to be able to afford private care,
whereas those from a lower social class may not be able to afford private sector care, resulting in
higher rates of illness.
Social class can often prevent individuals from accessing health and social care services due to
their fear of judgement or lack of funds to pay for private healthcare, this results in lower class
individuals having poorer health and wellbeing. Due to lower class individuals often having
poorer health, the NHS (National Health Service) has since put more funding into areas with
high percentages of ill health and poverty to try and combat the health crisis and subsequently be
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