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PSE4801 ASSIGNMENT 2 – 2022Chapter 1
1.1 How does functionalism view schooling? (5)
Using the example of the Factory Prep case students were taught how to be employees,
customers, taxpayers, and members of labour unions. They were also studying standard
school courses. Functionalists refer to learning these courses as the "manifest function" of
schools. Factory Prep, according to a functionalist, serves one of the most crucial
institutional roles in any society: socialization.
1.2 How does conflict (Marxist) theory view schooling? (5)
Using the Factory Prep as an example, there are plainly labourers on the one side, and
bosses and owners of firms and industries on the other, in the social universe of Factory
Prep. Factory Prep students are taught to be workers, not bosses. They're also learning to
be consumers, which are crucial for the "boss" class to survive. The proprietors of huge
business and consumer industries would not be able to make large profits without
excessive consumption of non-essentials. Workers may feel as if they are helping their
schools by paying taxes on their earnings rather than profits, but the conflict theorist would
argue that what it really does is maintain profits intact while forcing workers to pay for their
own training.
1.3 How does interpretivism (interpretivist approach) view the school? (5)
Using the agricultural society’s school as an example, the children at the agricultural
society's school were learning traditional songs, tales, history, and cooperation and public
service standards in order to gain a sense of their society's way of life. In that social
envoronment, they were also learning how to accomplish things. Interpretivists say that we
need to comprehend the way of living in that culture and the ways of doing things in that
school in order to understand and explain why a certain student or teacher did a particular
thing in that school. They would also emphasize the need of understanding the goals of
individual actors as well as the social meanings they share with others.
An interpretivist might look at Factory Prep and conclude that the students have learned
the rules of the "game of school," They then determine whether it is worthwhile to put in
the extra effort to boost their earnings by enrolling in challenging classes. They also
choose what to spend their money on and, in the event of a grievance, whether or not to
strike. They accomplish these things on their own, with some autonomy, but always within
the bounds of their shared knowledge of the "game of school" and their willingness to
participate in it and naturally some people leave because they don't want to play the game.
Using the agricultural society’s school as an example, the children at the agricultural
society's school were learning traditional songs, tales, history, and cooperation and public
service standards in order to gain a sense of their society's way of life. In that social
, envoronment, they were also learning how to accomplish things. Interpretivists say that we
need to comprehend the way of living in that culture and the ways of doing things in that
school in order to understand and explain why a certain student or teacher did a particular
thing in that school. They would also emphasize the need of understanding the goals of
individual actors as well as the social meanings they share with others.
An interpretivist might look at Factory Prep and conclude that the students have learned
the rules of the "game of school," They then determine whether it is worthwhile to put in
the extra effort to boost their earnings by enrolling in challenging classes. They also
choose what to spend their money on and, in the event of a grievance, whether or not to
strike. They accomplish these things on their own, with some autonomy, but always within
the bounds of their shared knowledge of the "game of school" and their willingness to
participate in it and naturally some people leave because they don't want to play the game.
Chapter 2
2.1 Briefly explain the two primary requirements of social life. Pg 14
In modern societies that are very complicated and where roles change from one
generation to the next, however, a more formal structure is needed to make sure that the
young are educated and that roles are clear and that the group stays together. To do this,
a system of mandatory public education for everyone is set up.
Education that is required can also make sure that old, bad habits, attitudes, and loyalties
are replaced with newer, better ones.
Role distinction and social solidarity are the two basic prerequisites of social existence for
functionalists. They must exist in both ancient and modern communities. These needs can
be satisfied in primitive communities through informal education that takes place within the
family and society. However, in highly complex, modern societies where responsibilities
shift from generation to generation, a more formal framework is essential to ensure that
young people are educated and that role distinction and group unity are attained. To
achieve this, a system of universal, compulsory public education is constructed.
Compulsory education can also ensure that older, defective routines, attitudes, and
loyalties are replaced with fresh, more functioning habits, attitudes, and loyalties.
Compulsory education enables the development of new abilities that the ever-expanding
technological landscape need. Universal obligatory education, according to functionalists,
is strongly intertwined to the needs of industrial society. Schools execute in a formalized
manner the basic tasks that lower cultures can fulfil informally through ongoing family,
community, or tribe activity. Children in modern society have even less opportunities to
witness their parents at work, and schools are now required to teach many of the
necessary skills and attitudes.
For functionalists, the two most important parts of social life are having different roles and
getting along with other people. Both ancient and modern societies must have them. In
primitive societies, these needs can be met by the informal learning that happens in the
home and community. In modern societies that are very complicated and where roles
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