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Samenvatting Bank en Beurs
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Samenvatting Bank en Beurs
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Bachelor in de Handelswetenschappen Justine PeetersSamenvatting Bank & Beurs 21’-22’
Inhoudsopgave
HOOFDSTUK 1: DE INTERMEDIATIEFUNCTIE .............................................................................................................. 4
FINANCIËLE INSTELLINGEN ............................................................................................................................................. 4
INFORMATIE & BANK: ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
VOORDELEN VAN INTERMEDIATIEFUNCTIE .................................................................................................................... 6
CROWDFUNDING ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
HOOFDSTUK 2: FINANCIËLE INSTELLINGEN ................................................................................................................ 7
taken kredietinstelling: ............................................................................................................................................... 7
UNIVERSELE BANK........................................................................................................................................................... 8
SOORTEN FINANCIELE INSTELLING.................................................................................................................................. 8
BEDREIGINGEN KLASSIEKE BANKEN ................................................................................................................................ 8
HOOFDSTUK 3: DE OPRICHTING VAN DE BANK .......................................................................................................... 9
VOORWAARDEN OPRICHTING BANK .............................................................................................................................. 9
BANKMANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
RAAD VAN BESTUUR (RVB) ............................................................................................................................................ 10
HOOFDSTUK 4: RISICO’S EN CONTROLES ................................................................................................................. 11
CONTROLE BIJ DE BANK................................................................................................................................................. 11
GROOTTE VAN BANKEN ................................................................................................................................................ 11
HOOFDSTUK 5: WIE WIL ONS ZIJN GELD TOEVERTROUWEN?................................................................................... 12
HOOFDSTUK 6: DE KLANT & ZIJN GELD .................................................................................................................... 12
CASH ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12
LIQUIDITEITSRISICO ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
LIQUIDITEITSVEREISTEN ................................................................................................................................................ 13
DEPOSITOBESCHERMINGSSYSTEEM (= SPAARDEPOSITOGARANTIE)............................................................................ 13
HOOFDSTUK 7: HET VERSTREKKEN VAN KREDIETEN AAN PARTICULIEREN ............................................................... 14
BANK EN ZIJN FUNCTIES ................................................................................................................................................ 14
CONSUMENTENKREDIETEN .......................................................................................................................................... 14
KENMERKEN CONSUMENTENKREDIETEN: ................................................................................................................ 14
AFBETALINGEN.......................................................................................................................................................... 15
HYPOTHEEKLENING....................................................................................................................................................... 15
WANBETALING .............................................................................................................................................................. 16
4 STAPPEN BIJ WANBETALING: ................................................................................................................................. 16
RECLAME & LENINGEN: ................................................................................................................................................. 16
HERFINANCIERING: ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
HOOFDSTUK 8: HET VERSTREKKEN VAN KREDIETEN AAN BEDRIJVEN ...................................................................... 17
KREDIETEN OP KORTE TERMIJN (< 1 JAAR) .................................................................................................................... 17
WERKING .................................................................................................................................................................. 19
KREDIETEN OP LANGE TERMIJN (> 1 JAAR)? (= KAPITAALMARKT)................................................................................. 20
OPNAME VAN HET KREDIET........................................................................................................................................... 20
AFLOSSING VAN HET KREDIET ....................................................................................................................................... 20
VERVROEGD TERUGBETBALEN ................................................................................................................................. 20
LEVERAGED LOANS // HEFBOOMLENIGEN .................................................................................................................... 21
ANDERE DIENSTEN ........................................................................................................................................................ 22
, Bachelor in de Handelswetenschappen Justine Peeters
HOOFDSTUK 9: DE MARKTENZAAL .......................................................................................................................... 23
MARKTZAAL .................................................................................................................................................................. 23
ORGANISATIE ................................................................................................................................................................ 23
TRADING BOOK ............................................................................................................................................................. 24
CLEARING, SETTLEMENT EN CUSTODY...................................................................................................................... 24
TRADINGACTIVITEITEN & INKOMSTEN ..................................................................................................................... 24
CONTROLE BIJ TRADERS ............................................................................................................................................ 24
NEGATIEVE SCENARIO’S BIJ TRADINGSACTIVITEITEN ............................................................................................... 24
HOOFDSTUK 10: BEGELEIDEN VAN BEURSINTRODUCTIES & KAPITAALVERHOGINGEN ............................................. 25
OPRICHTING VAN EEN VENNOOTSCHAP // IPO ............................................................................................................. 25
VERLOOP ................................................................................................................................................................... 25
INHOUD..................................................................................................................................................................... 25
PRIJS .......................................................................................................................................................................... 26
VERDIENSTEN ............................................................................................................................................................ 26
KAPITAALSVERHOGINGEN // SPO ................................................................................................................................. 27
VERLOOP ................................................................................................................................................................... 27
BEURSNOTATIE ............................................................................................................................................................. 27
HOOFDSTUK 11: BEGELEIDEN VAN UITGIFTES VAN SCHULDPAPIER ......................................................................... 28
COMMERCIAL PAPER (CP) ............................................................................................................................................. 28
OBLIGATIE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Soorten obligaties ..................................................................................................................................................... 30
VERLOOP UITGIFTE OBLIGATIE ................................................................................................................................. 30
KREDIETRATING ............................................................................................................................................................ 31
HOOFDSTUK 12: BEGELEIDEN VAN FUSIES & OVERNAMES ...................................................................................... 32
VERLOOP FUSIE- EN OVERNAMEPROCESDuurt 6 maanden tot jaren ...................................................................................... 32
ROL VAN DE BANK IN HET FUSIE- EN OVERNAMEPROCES ............................................................................................. 33
HOOFDSTUK 13: PRIVATE EQUITY............................................................................................................................ 34
PRIVATE-EQUITY FONDSEN ........................................................................................................................................... 34
PRIVATE-EQUITY ACTIVITEITEN ..................................................................................................................................... 34
PE-INVESTEERDERS: ...................................................................................................................................................... 35
ROL VAN DE BANK IN PRIVATE-EQUITY ......................................................................................................................... 35
NADELEN PRIVATE EQUITY ............................................................................................................................................ 35
HOOFDSTUK 14: DEALING OP DE VALUTAMARKT .................................................................................................... 36
VALUTAMARKTEN ......................................................................................................................................................... 36
BEPALING VAN DE WISSELKOERSEN.............................................................................................................................. 36
INSTRUMENTEN OP DE VALUTAMARKT: ....................................................................................................................... 36
HOOFDSTUK 15: TRADING OP DE GOEDERENMARKT ............................................................................................... 37
GOEDERENMARKTEN .................................................................................................................................................... 37
TERMIJNCONTRACTEN .................................................................................................................................................. 37
FUTURES ....................................................................................................................................................................... 37
HOOFDSTUK 16: STRUCTURED FINANCE .................................................................................................................. 38
GESTRUCTUREERDE PRODUCTEN ................................................................................................................................. 38
GESTRUCTUREERDE PRODUCTEN VAN PRIVATE PLACEMENT: ..................................................................................... 38
CDO’s (Collateralized Debt Obligations) ................................................................................................................... 39
GESTRUCTUREERDE PRODUCTEN VOOR PARTICULIEREN ............................................................................................. 39
GESTRUCTUREERDE PRODUCTEN OP DE BEURS ........................................................................................................... 40
BANK EN GESTRUCTUREERDE PRODUCTEN .................................................................................................................. 40
, Bachelor in de Handelswetenschappen Justine Peeters
HOOFDSTUK 17A: DE BANK ALS BROKER OP DE BEURS............................................................................................ 41
BEURZEN EN ECN’S ........................................................................................................................................................ 41
VERHANDELEN VAN AANDELEN .................................................................................................................................... 41
SHORTEN, SHORT SELLING ............................................................................................................................................ 41
BEURS EN BELANG VAN BANK ....................................................................................................................................... 41
HOOFDSTUK 17B: DE BEREKENING VAN DE (OPENINGS)KOERS VAN EEN AANDEEL ................................................. 42
KOERSBEPALING ........................................................................................................................................................... 42
HOOFDSTUK 18: ASSET MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................... 43
ASSET MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................................................... 43
INSTELLINGEN VOOR COLLECTIEVE BELEGGINGEN (ICB) ............................................................................................... 43
SOORTEN FONDSEN .................................................................................................................................................. 44
PERSIOENSPAARFONDSEN ........................................................................................................................................ 44
HEFBOOMFONDSEN.................................................................................................................................................. 44
EXCHANGE TRADED FUND (ETF) = TRACKERS ................................................................................................................ 44
BANK EN FONDSEN ....................................................................................................................................................... 45
INKOMSTEN UIT FONDSEN VOOR BANKEN .............................................................................................................. 45
HOOFDSTUK 19: PRIVATE BANKING ........................................................................................................................ 46
PRIVATE BANKING ......................................................................................................................................................... 46
= FOCUS OP GOEDE, PERSOONLIJKE RELATIE MET VERMOGENDE KLANTEN ...................................................................................... 46
KLANTEN PB .............................................................................................................................................................. 46
DIENSTEN PB ............................................................................................................................................................. 46
HOOFDSTUK 20: DE TEGENPOLEN RISICO EN RENDEMENT ...................................................................................... 47
BANK EN BANKIEREN .................................................................................................................................................... 47
, Bachelor in de Handelswetenschappen Justine Peeters
Hoofdstuk 1: de intermediatiefunctie
De voornaamste functie van een bank = intermediatiefunctie
→ fondsen (= deposito's) aantrekken van spaarders (particulieren of ondernemingen)
→ met die fondsen kredieten verlenen aan leners (inclusief overheden)
→ de bank genereert een inkomen als interest op lening > rente op spaarboekje = interest income
m.a.w., de bank treedt op als intermediaire partij tussen spaarders en ontleners
MAAR bij deze intermediatiefunctie ligt het volledige risico bij de bank.
DAAROM stappen vele banken over naar niet-klassieke activiteiten zoals beleggingsfondsen
→ het risico verplaatst zich volledig naar de klanten (= beleggers)
→ de bank verdient nu meer aan commissie = fee income
Actieven banken:
- Binnenlandse banken: iets minder
- Buitenlandse banken: iets meer, ze zijn geïnteresserd in het belgische spaargeld
FINANCIËLE INSTELLINGEN
1) Ondernemers hebben geldtekort hebben
2) Hoge inflatie maar veel meer geld op de spaarrekeningen: daling waarde spaarrekeningen
3) Bank gebruikt dat spaargeld
4) Geld over à spaarrekeningen, zichtrekeningen op financiële instellingen aanmaken
Indirecte financiering = het gaat via een tussenweg met de bank als tussenpersoon
5) Directe financiering = uw geld beleggen met markt als tussenpersoon
o Beurs (= financiële markt)
o Meer risico à men wordt meer vergoed
!!! De banken verdienen ook geld aan directe financiering, ze verdienen geld aan alles !!
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