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Samenvatting spectroscopie

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samenvatting over interpreteren en begrijpen van chemische spectra

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  • June 19, 2022
  • 19
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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Spectro
v=f ∙ λ
v= velocity
f=frequency
λ=wavelenght


1
v=
λ
v = wavenumber (amount of waves per centimeter)
λ = wavelength in centimeter

hc
E=h x f = =hc v
λ
E=energy of a single photon
H=plancks constant: 6.63 x 10 ^-34 J.s
f=frequenty

Order of colors in visible spectrum: ROY G BIV
Red-orange-yellow-green-blue-indigo-violet

1 angstrom= 10^-10 m

Percent transmittance
P
T= ∙100 %
P0
Absorbance

( ) ( )
P P0
A=−log ( T )=−log =log
P0 P

%T
T= A=−log ( T )=−log%T + log ( 100 )=2−log %T
100 %




2−A
%T =10

,Question expansion
Verklaar waarom je bij absorptie van licht door moleculen meestal een bandenspectrum krijgt en
bij atomen een lijnenspectrum.
Atomen : electronen veranderen van schil en heeft een lijnen spectrum.
Moleculen :naast electronen verplaatsing in schillen, vindt er ook vibratie/relaxatie plaats (trillingen)
en daarom een bandenspectrum.


Welk golflengtegebied van het elektromagnetische spectrum wordt UV genoemd? (… nm - …nm)
180 – 380 nm




Les 1
Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that can be described as both particle
and as wave.


Golfkarakter
v=f ∙ λ
v= velocity (m/s)
f=frequency (Hz s^-1)
λ=wavelenght (m)

De brekingsindex van het medium n bepaalt de snelheid v
-34
c h = constante van Planck = 6.63  10 J·s
n
v
In a vacuum or air v is equal to c which is 3 x 10^8 m/s
The frequency of a wave is independent of n (brekingsindex)



Deeltjeskarakter
Verklaart de interactie van licht met materie
Foton = energie-pakketje:

h c
E h  

Intensiteit (amplitude)= aantal fotonen

, Een mol fotonen heeft dus een energie van NA * h (Avogadro ’s nummer 6.02214076×10²³)




Absorptie (extinctie)
-Elk deeltje (atoom, ion, molecuul) heeft een grondtoestand M dit is de
laagste energie-toestand

-Excitatie (aanslaan) naar toestand met hogere energie = aangeslagen toestand M*

-Absorptie: het licht word opgenomen als hv= ΔE

-Relaxatie:
Energie overdracht naar andere deeltjes
M* M + warmte
-fluorescentie
-Fosforescentie




Atomen
-Elektronen, geen vibraties/rotatie geen banden: lijnspectrum:

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