Lecture notes Unit 3 - Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care

Diabetes (insipidus)

Answer: -Low levels of ADH -Excessive thirst, dehydration and increase of urination - increase in fluid intake and possible medications

Blood Glucose Concentration

Answer: -Glucose is needed by cells to release ENERGY by RESPIRATORY. - Blood glucose concentration (BGC) by the pancreas. When BGC increases the pancreas produces INSULIN - GLYCOGEN is a STORAGE MOLECULE that has been stored as an EXCESSIVE GLUCOSE by liver and muscle cells. - Homeostasis is taken place.

How the brain coordinates how someone picks up an object

Answer: -The eyes see the object - A message is send down the optic nerve received in the brain - The brain sends a message to the muscles down the motor neurone - The muscles relax - The arm moves to the object. Another nerve impulse causes hand muscles to pick up

Autonomic control system

Answer: 1. Receptors cells detect changes in environment e.g. temperature of skin (stimulus) 2. Receptor cells pass information to coordination centre e.g. brain 3. Coordination centre receives and process information from receptor cells. 4. Coordination centre sends instructions to the effector e.g. muscle. The optimum level is restored.

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer: RECEPTOR cells detect a STIMULUS- they send ELECTRICAL IMPULSES send down NEURONES to the COORDINATION CENTRE (CNS). The CNS sends down NEURONE to the EFFECTOR- the response Is out! It might be a muscle contraction or gland secretes hormones.

Cerebral palsy

Answer: - Neurological condition causing infections in pregnancy (genetic causes) - unable to walk- degree of disability may vary - no cure: but it can be reduced by physiotherapy.

Multiple sclerosis

Answer: -Autoimmune disorder affecting brain + spinal cord - Fatigue, vision & balance problems - no cure: may be relieved with medication

CHD (narrowing of arteries)

Answer: -When coronary arteries are blocked by plaque/atheroma - Build up of fatty deposit- atheroma - Aspirin to cure it

Leukaemia

Answer: - Collective tissues of cancer that lead to lymphocytes -pale skin, tiredness - chemotherapy, bone marrow & stem cells treatment

Dehydration

Answer: - By not drinking enough fluid. By losing more fluid than taken in. - Dry mouth & tongue, no tears when crying - consuming more water will help dehydration as well as sport drink intake

Coeliac disease

Answer: - Digestive disorder by a protein found in cereal - Diarrhoea, weight loss - no cure- controlled by gluten- free diet

Stroke

Answer: -When blood supply in brain is interrupted - Haemorrhage- blood vessels in brain burst Ischaemic- blood clot in brain stop blood supply - IV injection (tPA)

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Answer: - Development of cysts in the ovaries, high level of male hormone - irregular/ no periods & skin problems - no cure BUT can be treated with medications

Hepatitis A

Answer: - Short term illness, inflammation of liver, alcohol - Pyrexia (fever) - cure: vaccination

Hepatitis B

Answer: - Often short- term - Nausea, vomiting - cure: vaccinations