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Psychopathologie, kwartiel 4 samenvatting
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Deze samenvatting bevat alles voor de psychologie toets van kwartiel 4, jaar 2 op hogeschool Saxion.
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Kwartiel 4Psychopathologie
Iris Laan
Kwartiel 4
,Inhoud
12 DEPRESSIEVE- EN BIPOLAIRE STEMMINGSSTOORNISSEN...................................................................................4
12.1 De DSM-5-classificatie van stemmingsstoornissen.......................................................................................4
12.2 depressieve-stemmingsstoornissen..............................................................................................................5
12.2.1 distruptieve-stemmingsdisregulatiestoornis.........................................................................................5
12.2.2 depressieve stoornis..............................................................................................................................5
12.2.3 Persisterende depressieve stoornis (PSD)..............................................................................................6
12.2.4 premenstruele dysfore stoornis (PMDS)................................................................................................6
12.2.5 Depressieve-stemmingsstoornis door een middel/medicatie of een somatische aandoening............7
12.3 bipolaire-stemmingsstoornissen...................................................................................................................7
12.3.1 Bipolarie I-stoornis.................................................................................................................................7
12.3.2 Bipolaire II-stoornis................................................................................................................................8
12.3.3 cyclothyme stoornis...............................................................................................................................8
12.4 restcategorieën en nadere omschrijvingen van stemmingsstoornissen......................................................8
1. 12.4.1 specificaties van de laatste stemmingsepisode.................................................................................8
2. 12.4.2 specificaties van het beloop...............................................................................................................9
12.5 Assessment....................................................................................................................................................9
12.6 epidemiologie en comorbiditeit....................................................................................................................9
12.7 Theoretische visies op depressieve stoornissen en manie.........................................................................10
12.7.1 Leertheoretische opvattingen..............................................................................................................10
12.7.2 De cognitieve visie................................................................................................................................10
12.7.3 Biologische benaderingen....................................................................................................................11
12.7.4 life-events.............................................................................................................................................11
12.8 behandeling.................................................................................................................................................11
12.8.1 Internettherapie...................................................................................................................................11
12.8.2 Gedragstherapeutische interventies....................................................................................................11
12.8.3 Cognitieve (gedrags)therapie...............................................................................................................12
12.8.4 interpersoonlijke psychotherapie (IPT)................................................................................................12
12.8.5 Third wave-THERAPIEËN: ACT, MBCT en CBASP..................................................................................12
12.8.6 systeemgeoriënteerde therapie...........................................................................................................12
12.8.7 biologische interventies.......................................................................................................................13
13 ANGSTSTOORNISSEN..........................................................................................................................................13
13.1 Angst............................................................................................................................................................13
13.2 Angststoornissen.........................................................................................................................................13
13.2.1 Separatieangststoornis.........................................................................................................................13
13.2.2 Selectief mutisme.................................................................................................................................14
1
, 13.2.3 Specifieke fobie....................................................................................................................................14
13.2.4 sociale-angststoornis............................................................................................................................14
13.2.5 Paniekstoornis......................................................................................................................................15
13.2.6 Agorafobie............................................................................................................................................15
13.2.7 Gegeneraliseerde-angststoornis..........................................................................................................16
13.3 Prevalentie, incidentie en comorbiditeit.....................................................................................................16
13.4 etiologie.......................................................................................................................................................16
13.4.1 Biologische theorieën...........................................................................................................................16
13.4.2 Psychologische thoerieën.....................................................................................................................17
13.5 beloop..........................................................................................................................................................17
13.6 Taxatie van angst.........................................................................................................................................17
13.6.1 taxatie: wat wordt getaxeerd?.............................................................................................................18
13.6.2 Taxatie: hoe wordt getaxeerd?............................................................................................................18
13.6.3 Taxatie: stagering en profilering..........................................................................................................18
13.7 behandeling.................................................................................................................................................18
13.7.1 Farmacologische behandelingen..........................................................................................................18
13.7.2 Psychologische behandelingen: Cognitieve gedragstherapie..............................................................18
13.7.3 behandeling: stagering en profilering..................................................................................................19
14 MIDDELGEBONDEN STOORNISSEN EN VERSLAVING.........................................................................................19
14.1 Klinisch beeld en diagnose..........................................................................................................................20
14.1.1 aan een middel gebonden stoornissen................................................................................................20
14.1.2 Categorisatie: waaraan raken mensen verslaafd?...............................................................................21
14.1.3 niet aan middel gebonden verslaving..................................................................................................22
14.2 prevalentie..................................................................................................................................................22
14.3 historisch perspectief..................................................................................................................................22
14.4 theoretische modellen................................................................................................................................23
14.4.1 genetische invloeden en subtypen van verslaving..............................................................................23
14.4.2 klassieke leerprincipes bij het ontstaan van verslaving.......................................................................23
14.4.3 operante leerprincipes bij het ontstaan van verslaving.......................................................................23
14.4.4 cognitieve determinanten....................................................................................................................24
14.5 behandelmogelijkheden..............................................................................................................................24
14.5.1 psychologische behandeling................................................................................................................24
14.5.2 nieuwe ontwikkelingen........................................................................................................................24
15 SOMATISCHE-SYMPTOOMSTOORNISSEN EN VERWANTE STOORNISSEN.........................................................24
15.1 beschrijving.................................................................................................................................................24
15.1.1 somatisch-symptoomstoornis..............................................................................................................25
15.1.2 ziekteangststoornis..............................................................................................................................25
2
, 15.1.3 conversiestoornis (functioneel-neurologische symptoomstoornis)....................................................25
15.1.4 psychische factoren die somatische aandoeningen beïnvloeden.......................................................25
15.1.5 Nagebootste stoornis (pathomimie)....................................................................................................25
15.1.6 Andere gespecificeerde somatisch-symptoomstoornis of verwante stoornis....................................26
15.1.7 andere ongespecificeerde somatisch-symptoomstoornis of verwante stoornis................................26
15.2 prevalentie..................................................................................................................................................26
15.3 beloop..........................................................................................................................................................26
15.4 verklaringsmodellen....................................................................................................................................26
15.5 diagnostiek..................................................................................................................................................27
15.5.1 klachtenanamnese en meetinstrumenten...........................................................................................27
15.5.2 differentiaal diagnostiek en comorbiditeit...........................................................................................28
15.6 behandeling.................................................................................................................................................28
15.6.1 psychologische behandeling van de somatisch symptoomstoornis en verwante stoornissen...........28
15.6.2 farmacologische behandeling..............................................................................................................29
20 SCHIZOFRENIESPECTRUM EN ANDERE PSYCHOTISCHE STOORNISSEN.............................................................29
20.1 Klinisch beeld...............................................................................................................................................29
20.2 diagnostiek door de jaren heen..................................................................................................................31
20.3 stoornis of continuüm in de bevolking?......................................................................................................31
20.3.1 stadium 1A: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs)....................................................................................31
20.3.2 Stadium 1b: definiëring van het begrip Ultra high risk (UHR).............................................................32
20.3.3 stadium 2, 3 en 4: de prognostische kenmerken van de verschillende volgende stadia bij psychose32
20.4 het neuropsychische model van psychose..................................................................................................33
20.5 wanneer welke diagnostiek?.......................................................................................................................34
20.5.1 het vaststellen van een psychotische stoornis.....................................................................................34
20.5.3 neuropsychologisch onderzoek............................................................................................................34
20.5.4 vaststellen van ultrahoog risico (UHR).................................................................................................34
20.6 interventies.................................................................................................................................................34
20.6.5 praktische toepassing van CGT............................................................................................................34
20.6.6 toekomst van cgt..................................................................................................................................34
20.6.7 Gezinsinterventies................................................................................................................................35
20.7 Herstel en rehabilitatie................................................................................................................................35
21 TRAUMA- EN STRESS GERELATEERDE STOORNISSEN........................................................................................35
21.1 posttraumatische-stressstoornis.................................................................................................................35
21.1.1 trauma..................................................................................................................................................36
21.1.2 herbeleving...........................................................................................................................................36
21.2 acute-stressstoornis....................................................................................................................................36
21.3 aanpassingsstoornis....................................................................................................................................37
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