Summary
Samenvatting Microbiologie - BMLT1 - Hogent
- Course
- Institution
Samenvatting van de cursus met de ppt
[Show more]
2 reviews
By: AmirahSengendo • 1 year ago
By: wstrybol • 1 year ago
Seller
Follow
mltmdk
Reviews received
Content preview
MicrobiologieInhoud
H1. Inleiding 1.1. Definiëring microbiologie ........................................................................................................... 4
1.2. Doelstellingen 1.3. Plaats van het micro-organisme in de natuur....................................................................... 4
1.3.1. Protista ................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.2. Drie-rijkensysteem (algemeen) ................................................................................................................. 4
1.3.3. Twee domeinen....................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3.4. Vijf-rijkensysteem (volgens Whittaker)...................................................................................................... 6
1.3.5. Drie domeinen (Carl Woese)..................................................................................................................... 6
1.4. Doel van deze syllabus.................................................................................................................................... 7
1.5. Nomenclatuur, taxonomie en identificatiecriteria ............................................................................................ 7
1.5.1. Binominale nomenclatuur voor schimmels en bacteriën: naamgeving ........................................................ 7
1.5.2. Taxonomie .............................................................................................................................................. 8
1.5.3. Identificatie ............................................................................................................................................. 8
1.6. Geschiedenis van de microbiologie.................................................................................................................. 9
1.7. Bacteriën geïsoleerd door Koch:...................................................................................................................... 9
1. Bacillus anthracis: (poederbrief) ..................................................................................................................... 9
Besmetting ................................................................................................................................................... 9
Bacillus anthracis veroorzaakt ........................................................................................................................ 9
Preventie: ................................................................................................................................................... 10
Behandeling:............................................................................................................................................... 10
2. Vibrio cholerae:........................................................................................................................................... 10
Behandeling:............................................................................................................................................... 10
3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis........................................................................................................................ 10
Besmetting: ................................................................................................................................................ 10
Verspreiding in lichaam: .............................................................................................................................. 10
Preventie: ................................................................................................................................................... 10
Behandeling:............................................................................................................................................... 10
1.8. Belang van micro-organismen....................................................................................................................... 11
Negatieve rol .................................................................................................................................................. 11
Positieve rol.................................................................................................................................................... 11
Clostridia: anaëroob........................................................................................................................................ 11
H2. Mycologie .................................................................................................................................................... 12
2.1. Algemene kenmerken .................................................................................................................................. 12
De vier klassen:............................................................................................................................................... 12
Belang van mycologie...................................................................................................................................... 13
2.2. Cytologie of celleer bij fungi.......................................................................................................................... 13
Celwand ......................................................................................................................................................... 13
1
, Celmembraan................................................................................................................................................. 13
Cytoplasma .................................................................................................................................................... 13
Celorganellen ................................................................................................................................................. 13
2.3. Structuur – morfologie ................................................................................................................................. 13
Morfologie van gisten en schimmels: ............................................................................................................... 13
Dimorfisme .................................................................................................................................................... 14
2.4. Vermenigvuldiging bij fungi........................................................................................................................... 14
De ongeslachtelijke sporulatie ......................................................................................................................... 14
GISTEN ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
SCHIMMELS................................................................................................................................................ 15
De geslachtelijke sporulatie ............................................................................................................................. 17
GISTEN ....................................................................................................................................................... 17
SCHIMMELS................................................................................................................................................ 17
2.5 Pathogene fungi:........................................................................................................................................... 19
Soorten mycosen:........................................................................................................................................... 19
Mycotoxicosen: .............................................................................................................................................. 20
H3. Bacteriologie ................................................................................................................................................ 21
3.1 Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
Algemene kenmerken: .................................................................................................................................... 21
Indeling (taxonomie) :................................................................................................................................. 21
Waarom is bacteriologie belangrijk? ................................................................................................................ 21
Labdiagnostiek:............................................................................................................................................... 22
3.2 Structuur – Morfologie: ................................................................................................................................. 22
Bacteriën kunnen ingedeeld worden op basis van hun vorm: ............................................................................ 22
3.3 Cytologie (bacteriologie)................................................................................................................................ 23
Algemene structuur ........................................................................................................................................ 23
Specifieke structuur: ....................................................................................................................................... 27
3.4 Voortplanting en groeicurve: ......................................................................................................................... 29
Voeding.......................................................................................................................................................... 29
Groeibehoeften: ............................................................................................................................................. 30
Deling en groeicurve: ...................................................................................................................................... 31
Het tellen van bacteriële cellen:....................................................................................................................... 33
3.5 Metabolisme:.......................................................................................................................................... 35
Glycolyse: ................................................................................................................................................... 35
3.6 Variaties en mutaties:.................................................................................................................................... 36
Mutaties:........................................................................................................................................................ 36
Variaties:........................................................................................................................................................ 36
3.7 Uitwisseling van genetische informatie: .................................................................................................... 36
Conjugatie ...................................................................................................................................................... 37
2
, Transformatie:................................................................................................................................................ 38
Transductie: ................................................................................................................................................... 38
Transpositie:................................................................................................................................................... 39
3.8 Genetic engineering:................................................................................................................................ 39
Bij bereiden van geneesmiddelen: ................................................................................................................... 39
4 Virologie:......................................................................................................................................................... 40
4.1 Inleiding:................................................................................................................................................. 40
Geschiedenis .................................................................................................................................................. 40
Wat is een virus .............................................................................................................................................. 40
4.2 Morfologie – Structuur:............................................................................................................................ 40
Morfologie: .................................................................................................................................................... 41
4.3 Nomenclatuur: ........................................................................................................................................ 43
4.4 Infectie: .................................................................................................................................................. 43
Bacteriofagen van het T-type:.......................................................................................................................... 43
Detectie en kwantificatie van fagen: ................................................................................................................ 44
Dierlijke virussen: ........................................................................................................................................... 44
Detectie van virale infecties bij de mens........................................................................................................... 45
Behandeling virale infecties ............................................................................................................................. 45
3
, H1. Inleiding
1.1. Definiëring microbiologie
Microbiologie = deel van de biologie dat micro-organismen bestudeert
Micro-organismen: - blote oog niet waarneembaar
- levende wezentjes van microscopische afmetingen
- vele samen: kolonie of smeer: wel waarneembaar
→ schimmels, lintwormen, spoelwormen
Opm.: soms opmerkelijke geur → bacteriële groei
In labo werken met a. aangekochte stam (ATCC-cultuur) =
b. geïsoleerde stam uit …waterstaal => ‘wild type’ stam
…voedselstaal
…klinische staal
Disciplines microbiologie
1. Klinische microbiologie: - pathogeen micro-organisme aantonen in patiënten staal
- gevoeligheid ervan t.o.v.. antimicrobiële middelen te bepalen
2. Milieumicrobiologie: - kwaliteit water controleren op aanwezigheid van m.o.
3. Voedingsmicrobiologie: - voedingswaarden testen op aanwezigheid m.o.
verantwoordelijk zijn voor infecties en voedselvergiftigingen
4. Microbiologie/biotechnologie: - werken met m.o. om genetisch te manipuleren of typeren
Soorten micro-organismen
1. Bacteriën → bacteriologie
2. Fungi (schimmels + gisten) → mycologie
3. Virussen → virologie
4. Parasieten (protozoa + metazoa) → parasitologie
1.2. Doelstellingen
1.3. Plaats van het micro-organisme in de natuur
1.3.1. Protista
= Afzonderlijke groep voor de micro-organismen: ééncellige of meercellige organismen, zonder
gedifferentieerde weefsels
- 3-rijkensysteem
- Basis is de cel en bevat
o DNA
o RNA
o Proteïnen
o Lipiden
1.3.2. Drie-rijkensysteem (algemeen)
1. Planten (plantae) 2. Dieren (animalia) 3. Protista
Afz.: virussen
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller mltmdk. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.09. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
50843 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now