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Summary Policy Analysis
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Samenvatting Studying Public Policy, Policy Analysis
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Policy Analysis: Sessions:Session 1: Introduction, the development of public policy analysis and the policy sciences:
“Governments make public policy”
Public policy analysis ≠ politics ≠ polity
Politics: processes and institutions of the acquisition of political power
Polity: political system as a whole and political subject in there
But public policy is a very political process
The public policy will reflect on the activities by the government
Questions to deal with in policy analysis:
Why are certain policy decisions taken at certain points of time and not others?
F.e.: Corona Pandemic: different policies in different countries
How do individual decisions add up and work together in policy regimes, mixes or are they
incompatible and contradictory?
Explaining why they are how they are and how they came about, and explain
contradictions in policy
Do multiple decisions result in recognizable patterns of policymaking and policy content, or
just in random or quasi-random accumulations of past decisions?
F.e.: Belgium: more consensus between actors to make policy, in the UK or US: the winner
takes it all
Lasswell: founding father of political analysis
Cesare Borgia:
A very skilled leader
Machiavelli was influenced by him to advise and to analyze leaders
Angela Merkel:
Handing over of an analysis of certain policy domain
These pictures ask attention for analysis for policy
Analysis for policy: the analysis is used in policy making, prescriptive and applied
Advice
Recommendations
Solutions
Suggestions
Analysis of policy: more scholarly, academic and theoretical
Why policy is made, what difference it makes, which actors, the role of power
what we do in this class (we are not designing solutions)
Often analysis for policy and analysis of policy together
Policy as a rational plan, different from politics and polity F.e.: Statecraft, wisdom, …
‘Beleid’: to command, government, administration
Now beleid mostly means the activities of government, administration, and action
activities of government
action of a specific organization
indication of a desired situation
indication of a plan
indication of effects
Anderson:
Concerns
Problems: more objective
,Session 2: Theoretical approaches of public policy analysis:
INDIVIDUAL COLLECTIVITY STRUCTURE
DEDUCTIVE Public choice Social structure or Neo-
class analysis institutionalism
INDUCTIVE Welfare Pluralism or Neo- Statism
economics corporatism
Public choice:
Neo-classical economics
Rational action and individuality utility maximisation
Self-interests of voters, politicians
Normative: less state benefits of the market
EXCLUSIVITY EXHAUSTIVENESS
HIGH LOW
HIGH Private good (e.g. foods) Toll good (e.g. highways)
LOW Common-Pool good (e.g. fish in ocean) Public good (e.g. street lightning)
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgpqdOUm6Hc
Explain overfishing as one type of market failure, that is a tragedy of the commons.
Common pasture land? We all and none of us own the oceans
There is no cost or sanction But big consequences: economic and environmental tragedy
Climate change impacts
A lot of plastic
Explain three examples of ways in which governments can limit access to resources of the sea.
o Fishing license
o International Seabed Authority and requesting a contract
o Transparency: commission Review the application Exploration contracts
To put an estimate on the percentage of fish stock overfishing.
o 45% of the planet
Give three examples of narratives of decline specific to the overuse of resources of the sea.
o Electricity for the whole society Potentially income source
o Cure for diseases
o Small parts, garden Cloning it Redevelopment
Give 3 examples of common goods in the oceans.
o The ocean itself More oxygen / air
o Source of food
o Source of trade
, Session 3: Policy context, actors and institutions;
Agency:
Individuals: welfare
Economics: public choice
Collectivises: pluralism and corporatism
Structure:
Neo-institutionalism
The state: statism
Marxism
Institutions:
Blum and Schubert:
- (Political) institutions as…
- …systems of rules
- …long-term geared problem-solving
- ...enclosing mutual expectations
- ...granting power and limiting power
- ...facilitating collective decision-making
Individual and complex actors:
Elected Politicians:
Executive: government Power resources
Information and fiscal means
Massa media (privileged access)
Permanent support through the administration
Legislative: parliament
Control government
Party discipline, committees
Policy problems:
Technical expertise
Confidentiality
Symbolic
Administrative Officials: ambtenaren
Civil/public servants
FOURTH POWER
Discretional
Specialists and expertise
Closeness of policy processes
Political Parties:
Boundary actors between state and society
They select: indirect influence
Nixon-goes-to-China-Thesis:
This refers to the ability of a politician with an unassailable
(onaantastbare) reputation among their supporters for representing and
defending their values to take actions that would draw their criticism and
even opposition if they had been taken by someone without those
credentials.
Research Institutes:
Government
Academic, Think Tanks
With a certain agenda
Interest Groups:
Knowledge and (exclusive) information on practice
Political and organisational resources
Different bases of power
Companies and business associations:
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