100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
15/20 SUMMARY SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY - A. Haaren (DM/mail for 10 euros) $12.33   Add to cart

Summary

15/20 SUMMARY SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY - A. Haaren (DM/mail for 10 euros)

1 review
 100 views  8 purchases
  • Course
  • Institution
  • Book

all slides, notes, papers and book A. Haaren UAntwerpen DM or mail me 10 euros!

Preview 4 out of 113  pages

  • No
  • Unknown
  • June 23, 2022
  • 113
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

1  review

review-writer-avatar

By: jillvantichelen • 2 year ago

avatar-seller
Social psychology – 2021-2022
INTRODUCTION

Social psychology
= scientific investigation of how the thoughts, feelings and behavior of individuals are
influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of others
- Focuses on how people are similar
- Draws on knowledge in evolutionary biology and neurosciences
- Investigates how people think about, relate to, influence and are affected by
others

3 streams of research
- Social thinking = the social world we perceive in subjective we construe our
own reality
- Social influence = the social context influences our behavior
- Social relations = how is cooperation achieved and conflict resolved

Social psychology is a science because
It aims to formulate theories following the scientific method
- Is it objective?
o Facts can be objective, but a collection of facts is not more a science
than bricks a house
o Challenge: use the facts to build a theory
o Why do we want a theory? = an integrated set of principles that explain
and predict observed events
 Nothing is more practical than a good theory L. Lewis
 A good theory
o Is able to explain a wide range of phenomena
o Allows predictions which may confirm or negate the
theory (summarize and imply testable predictions =
hypothesis
o May be adapted when observations don’t match
the theory
o Is a source of new research ideas
o Generates applications
- What to watch out for
o The subjective nature of perceptions – you see what you expect
o The naturalistic fallacy – bridging what is to what ought to be
 Confusing what is from what is good from what ought to be
o Hindsight bias – I knew it all along
1

,  The point is not that common sense is predictable wrong, on the
contrary, common sense is often right BUT AFTER THE FACT
 Thinking that we knew it all along is a form of self-deception
 We need science to sift reality from illusion and genuine
predictions from hindsight

Correlation is not causality
Indicates relationship, but not necessarily one of cause and effect
- Advantages of correlational studies: easy to conduct in naturalistic settings
and plot (regression lines) – real life settings
- Disadvantages
o Don’t know direction
o Over-interpretations – see patterns where there aren’t - ignore
regression to the mean
o Danger of interfering causality

Experimental method
- Searching for cause and effect
- Sample of subjects
o Through random assignment
 Independent variable – manipulation
 Experimental group
 Control group
 Dependent variable
 Measure of learning
 Measure of learning

Interaction effects examples
- A genetic variant of the MAO enzyme leads to violent behavior only when it
coincides with abuse in childhood
- Hormone oxytocin boosts trusting behavior in economic game only for people
with high and dispositional trust
- Intuitive – heuristic reasoning – outperforms algorism when uncertainty is high

Advantages of controlled experiments
- Dissociate cause and effect
- Isolate effect of one particular variable

Disadvantage
- Often difficult to generalize to real-life settings – low ecological validity
- Conducted with homogeneous populations – WEIRD populations
- Replication problems
Solved by random assignment!


2

,Laboratory research ( controlled situation )  field research (everyday situation)

Method
Correlational (2/+ factors are naturally associated)  experimental (manipulating
some factor to see its effect on another)

Ethics – principles
- Tell potential participants enough about experiment – informed consent
- Be truthful
- Protect participants form harm and discomfort
- Treat information confidentially
- Debrief participants
o Fully explain the experiment afterwards, including any deception
o Except for when the feedback would be distressing – they have been
stupid or cruel




3

, STUDYING THE SELF (AND OTHERS) IN A SOCIAL WORLD

Understanding others

By imitating them! = chameleon effect
o We don’t find it hard imitating someone yawning or coughing,
scratching head, movements …
o We are not really aware of it (chameleon effect). People tend to
coordinate their movements unconsciously.
o One of the mechanisms making this possible are the mirror neurons

Mirror neurons
o Were discovered not that long ago by change. They discovered that the
same neuron was activated when a monkey grabbed a banana, as
when the supervisor grabbed the banana. The same cell becomes
active, whether you do something or someone else does the
movement! So your brain interprets the action the same way.  very
active with babies as well; babies learn the world by looking others
doing things
o They allow us to feel what others feel; when you see a spider on
another person, sometimes you feel the spider yourself as well. Or
when it is very hot outside and you need water, when someone else is
drinking, you almost taste it yourself. Or when someone is in pain, you
can feel it as well.
o They are the essence of embodied simulations! Which makes
interaction possible and interpersonal relations
o Implications:
 Learning through imitation
 Empathy – understanding feelings of others
 You can’t have empathy without mirror neurons
 Theory of mind – understanding intentions of others
 You can feel what others’ intentions are. We feel what
others feel and we understand them in a deeper level and
can anticipate to that because we can feel what they feel
and what they might do in the future




4

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LEEEUW. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $12.33. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$12.33  8x  sold
  • (1)
  Add to cart