100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Summary AQA A-Level Psychology Memory Notes $7.10
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. AQA
  4.  
  5. Psychology
  6.  
  7. Memory

Summary

Summary AQA A-Level Psychology Memory Notes
 0 purchase
  • Course
  • Memory
  • Institution
  • AQA
  • Book
  • AQA Psychology for A Level Year 1

AQA A-Level Psychology. The whole memory topic notes- includes AO1 information and evaluation points for each topic within memory, as well as example PEEL Paragraphs for each of these (particularly for 8 and 16 mark evaluation questions)

Preview 3 out of 22  pages

Document information

  • No
  • Memory
  • June 23, 2022
  • 22
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

Subjects

  • psychology
  • a level
  • a level
  • aqa

Connected book

book image

Book Title:

Author(s):

  • Edition:
  • ISBN:
  • Edition:

Written for

  • A/AS Level
  • AQA
  • Psychology
  • Memory
All documents for this subject (469)

Seller

avatar-seller
isabelstapley

Content preview

Memory
Coding, Capacity and Duration
Coding: The format in which information is stored in the various memory stores

Capacity: The amount of information that can be held in a memory store
Duration

Duration: The length of time information can be held in memory



Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory

Coding Acoustically Semantically

Capacity 7 +or-2 Unlimited

Duration 18-30 secs Lifetime




Coding
Research On Coding of STM & LTM- Baddely (1966)

Procedure:
- Baddely gave different lists of words to four groups of participants (72) to remember:
● Group 1- Acoustically similar words (e.g. cat, hat, mat)
● Group 2- Acoustically dissimilar words (e.g. pit, few, cow)
● Group 3- Semantically similar words (e.g. great, large, big)
● Group 4- Semantically dissimilar words (e.g. good, huge, hot)

- Participants were shown the words and were asked to recall them in the correct order

Results:
- When the participants had to do the recall task immediately (STM) they tended to do
worse with acoustically similar words
- When participants had to complete the recall task after 20 minutes, they tended to do
worse with semantically similar words

Conclusions:
- The STM is coded acoustically
- The LTM is coded semantically
-

Strengths Limitations

+ Lab study (high control) - Artificial tasks (lacks generalisability
to real world i.e external validity)
+ Supports assumptions of the MSM
- Lacks temporal validity (1966)
+ Use of experimental controls
- Small sample size (72= 18 per group)

, Capacity
Research On Capacity of STM- Jacobs (1887)

Procedure:
- Conducted the digit span test
- Required participants to recall a span of numbers read out to them,
increasing the amount of numbers given by one each time
- Continue until the numbers can no longer be recalled- this indicates an
individual's digit span
- Jacobs completed the same test using letters

Results:
- The mean span for digits was 9.3 items
- The mean span for letters was 7.3 items


Strengths Limitations

+ Suitable sample size (443) - Lacks temporal validity (1887)
+ Range of ages of participants (8-19) - Use of mean may include outliers the
skew data
- Early research often lacks adequate
control (may be confounding
variables)
- Artificial tasks (lack external validity)



Research on Capacity of STM- Miller (1956)

Proposal:
- Proposed concepts of chunking, suggesting grouping sets of digits or letters
into chunks allows us to recall more items
- We can recall 7 +or-2 chunks

Strengths Limitations

+ Real life application- e.g. number - Cowan (2001) disagrees, suggesting
plates and phone numbers that we can only recall about 4
chunks in the STM
- Temporal validity (1956)

, Duration
Research on Duration of STM- Peterson and Peterson (1959)

Procedure:
- 24 undergraduate students each took part in 8 trials (repeated measures)
- On each trial, participants were given a trigram (e.g. YJW)
- Participants then had to count aloud back from a given 3 digit number for a
different amount of time for each trial (either 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 seconds)- this
prevented mental rehearsal

Results:
- The trigrams were recalled with decreasing accuracy as the interval duration
increased



Strengths Limitations

+ Repeated measures reduces - Order Effects may have occurred
participant variables
- Small sample size (24)
- Age bias- all undergraduate students
- Lacks temporal validity


Research on Duration of LTM- Bharik et al (1975)

Procedure:
- Studied 392 participants in Ohio between ages 17 and 74
- School yearbooks were obtained
- Recall was tested in two ways; (1) Photo recognition test (consisting of 50
photos, some from the participants yearbook); (2) Free recall (where
participants recalled names of their graduating class)

Results:

Photo Recognition Free Recall

Within 15 Years of
90% 60%
Graduating

After 48 years Since
70% 30%
Graduating




Strengths Limitations

+ Quite a large sample size (392) - The participants ‘types’ in school may
affect the people they know (may not
+ Range of ages (17-74) have known everyone)
- Participants may have looked back
through the yearbook more recently
(confounding variables)

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller isabelstapley. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $7.10. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

68175 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling
$7.10
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added