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Schizophrenia and Psychotic disorders revision notes
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This document compiles information from the lectures and literature specifically for theme 6: psychotic disorders, in a condensed format for the exams.
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Schizophrenia and Psychotic - Delusion of being controlled: beliefdisorders that one’s thoughts, emotions and
ideas are being controlled by external
forces
Schizophrenia versus Psychosis
- Delusion of guilt or sin: delusion that
The most important understanding is that
one has committed a terrible act or is
schizophrenia cannot occur without
responsible for a terrible event.
symptoms of psychosis. Schizophrenia is
characterized by at least one episode of
3. Disorganized thought and speech
psychosis.
Referred to as formal thought disorder.
Schizophrenia involves all the symptoms of
Disorganized thought and speech can
psychosis plus additional symptoms.
present itself in the form of loose
associations or derailment, when one
Psychosis moves from one topic to another without
This refers to the inability to differentiate coherent transition.
between reality and what is unreal. People here might appear as illogical and
Schizophrenia is one of the most severe forms experience poverty of speech.
of psychotic disorders. 4. Disorganized and catatonic behavior
This refers to unpredictable and
Symptoms apparently untriggered agitation that
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with takes the form of screaming, shouting,
psychosis as its main diagnostic symptom. The cussing, etc. This is however often the
number, duration and intensity are what result of hallucinations or delusions.
differentiate each psychotic disorder from the This results in cognitive impairments, such
other. as impairments in memory, learning,
executive function, social cognition,
There are four domains of psychotic attention/ concentration and processing
symptoms: 4 positive symptoms and negative speed.
symptoms.
Negative Symptoms
Positive Symptoms Negative symptoms are those that are no
Positive symptoms are those that are longer present; they should be there, but
abnormally present; were not there before they no longer are. Negative symptoms
but are now part of the person. are often more persistent and difficult to
treat compared to the positive ones.
1. Hallucinations
These are perceptions that occur without 1. Restricted affect
stimulus/ unreal perceptual experiences. Absence of emotional expression which
2. Delusions can be demonstrated through fewer facial
Fixed false beliefs. Ideas that one believes to expressions, avoidance of eye contact,
be true but that are often highly unlikely or less body language, flat tone of voice.
impossible. They also experience anhedonia, which
refers to a lack of pleasure in everyday
Types of delusions: life.
- Persecutory delusions: belief that one 2. Avolition/ Asociality
is being watched or conspired against Avolition refers to a lack of the ability to
by others begin and sustain planned activities. In
- Grandiose delusion: belief that one is people with schizophrenia even personal
more powerful, above, has greater hygiene can become a burden.
knowledge and is more famous than Avolition can also present itself in the
others form of Asociality. This refers to a lack of
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