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NURS-202 Exam 5 - Hematology and Neuro 2022 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT $18.99   Add to cart
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NURS-202 Exam 5 - Hematology and Neuro 2022 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NURS-202 Exam 5 - Hematology and Neuro 2022 what is a left shift? ***need to know per lecture*** Correct Answer: increased number of immature neutrophils AKA band cells what are bands in relation to a CBC? Correct Answer: young neutrophils what does "more band building" mean? Co...

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  • June 23, 2022
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  • 2021/2022
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NURS-202 Exam 5 - Hematology and Neuro 2022
what is a left shift?




***need to know per lecture*** Correct Answer: increased number of immature neutrophils AKA band
cells

what are bands in relation to a CBC? Correct Answer: young neutrophils

what does "more band building" mean? Correct Answer: more shift to the left, more young neutrophils

what is the first clue that an infection is starting? Correct Answer: shift to the left

what could cause a left shift?




***need to know per lecture*** Correct Answer: infection

physical stress
(ex: surgery)

inflammation

when reading labs, what does SEGS represent? Correct Answer: mature neutrophils

"segmental neutrophils"

what are thrombocytes? Correct Answer: platelets

what percentage of blood is plasma vs RBCs? Correct Answer: RBC 45%

plasma 55%

what are the three types of protein found in plasma? Correct Answer: albumin
(maintains blood volume and binds to substances)

globulins
(main proteins of antibodies)

fibrinogen
(activated by thrombin, forms fibrin clots)

,what can happen if a patient has low albumin? Correct Answer: leads to leaky vessels which can lead to
third spacing, edema

what can cause low albumin? Correct Answer: AKI

malnutrition

hemorrhage

burns

liver disease

hemoglobin vs hematocrit per lecture




***need to know per lecture*** Correct Answer: hematocrit measures the percentage of blood that is
RBCs

hemoglobin measures how many RBCs you have


hemoglobin protein carries oxygen - without sufficient hemoglobin, won't have enough oxygen

function and anatomy of the spleen Correct Answer: vascular and lymph tissues, located in ULQ of
abdomen


functions:
filters blood
stores blood and platelets
aids in antigen production
aids in initiation of B&T lymphocytes


white pulp: where immune functions occur

red pulp: where filtration occurs

can you live without your spleen? Correct Answer: yes, but will be at higher risk of infection

why do we need to assess/palpate the spleen for patients with sickle cell anemia? Correct Answer:
sickle cells can get stuck in the spleen and cause it to rupture - will have lots of pain with palpation

how long do normal RBCs live?

,which organ removes them from the blood? Correct Answer: 120 days


the spleen

the primary function of erythrocytes is __________




***need to know per lecture*** Correct Answer: respiration

what are the two pathways in the clotting cascade?

which one is faster? Correct Answer: intrinsic
(blood or vessel injury)

&

extrinsic
(external tissue damage)



extrinsic is faster, skips some steps in the clotting cascade

PT or PTT - which goes with intrinsic or extrinsic clotting cascade? Correct Answer: extrinsic monitored
by PT

intrinsic monitored by PTT

PT vs INR vs PTT




***need to know per lecture*** Correct Answer: PT measures how long it takes a clot to form
(we use to monitor oral anticoag therapy - warfarin/coumadin)

INR is used to standardize PT lab results

PTT evaluates all clotting factors of intrinsic pathway except platelets
(we use to monitor response to anticoag therapies - heparin)

what could increased INR indicate? Correct Answer: DIC

taking salicylates

, cirrhosis

hepatitis

vitamin K deficiency

what does high vs low INR mean? Correct Answer: high INR = takes a long time to clot = bleeding risk

low INR = clots fast = clot risk

what is a normal INR?

what do we want INR at for someone taking warfarin/coumadin? Correct Answer: normal is 1.1 or less

if on warfarin/coumadin, we want to be at 2-3

how long do platelets live? Correct Answer: 4-7 days

how long does aspirin affect blood clotting for? Correct Answer: it irreversibly inhibits platelet
aggregation for the entirety of a platelet's life, which is 4-7 days

what do we use bone marrow biopsy for vs a bone marrow aspiration?




***need to know per lecture*** Correct Answer: biopsy - diagnosis of leukemia

aspiration - check if treatment is working and/or look for bone marrow suppression

how can drinking alcohol cause/affect hematological issues? Correct Answer: 90% of alcohol is
metabolized in the liver and damage to the liver increases the risk for hematological problems

assessment considerations for hematological assessment Correct Answer: history:
nutrition
past medical hx
chronic disease

medications and herbs:
--- goldenseal and green tea can reduce the effect of anticoags
--- aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation
--- penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin may cause neutropenia

physical assessment

lab profile

examination of bone marrow

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