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Summary A* essay - success of collectivisation
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Collectivisation in the USSR, in the years 1929 to 1941, was a success. Assess the validity ofthis view. (25 marks)
Introduction: collectivisation with largely
unsuccessful. Stalin’s’ ideological aims
camouflaged a disastrously high human cost
and economic failures of a low-yield.
Point 1- economic Point 3- social
Success - Efficiency: an example of economic Success: Industrialisation Stalin’s
success was that larger units of land could be compulsion with the USSR’s need to
farmed more efficiently through the use of industrialise resulted in the implementation
mechanisation. By 1938 95% of threshing 72% of the first FYP in which collectivisation was
of ploughing carried out mechanically by MTS a major component.
machines. Econ Action needed to protect from
1941-100% peasant households collectivised- immanent conflict. Stalin sought a level of
stalin meets economic aim. industrialisation that would support the
USSR in attempts to rapidly construct a
Failure: Economic efficiency was limited most modern military capable of defending them
farming operations well less mechanized and from foreign invasion. However, successful
more labour intensive and by 1940 only 1 MTS industrialisation couldn't be achieved
for every kolkhozy- minimal success as farm without parallel revolution in agriculture.
size was overwhelmingly large. Success- in 1929 to 1935 seventeen million
peasants went to towns for factory work
Low yield- in 1935 illegal private plots were although this represents why
allowed to continue- 52% of vegetables 70% of collectivisation had a weak yield, the
meat and 70% of milk were produced this way increase of an urbanised workforce is
in the USSR. As need for food reached successful.
desperate measures and collectivsation was
ideologically compromised, the policy’s Failure: Dekulakisation- overwhelming
ineffiences and failures were drastically human cost, which tarnishes any success.
highlighted. -December 1929 Stalin announces
-Instead of handing over to the kolkhoz, ‘liquidisation of kulaks as a class’ and in
peasants slaughtered and ate their meat as a February 1930 ‘all necessary measures’
form of resistance and to avoid being labelled could be used against the kulaks in a
as a kulak- the animal population did not decree. Each region was given a number of
recover until after WW2. kulaks to find, whether they existed or not.
This was seen as the start Stalin spoke of 5-
1927 Stalin declared Voluntary Collectivisation, 6 million kulaks. There was no accurate
after the Procurement Crisis 1927-29 and the record but 10 million were deported to
way forward was for people to voluntary unite Siberia or Gulag labour camps or shot.
their farms into one collective farm (kolkhoz). . By the mid 1930s kulaks had disappeared as
But by mid-1929 only 5% of peasant farms had a class. The most successful and skilled
been collectivised. farmed had been removed- partially
explains collectivisation’s disastrous yield
Judgement: Collectivisation was largely levels.
economically unsuccessful- the drastically low Famine in late 1932 - Robert Conquest in
crop yield highlighted how it was a ‘Harvest of Sorrow’ said 7 million died. He
malfunctioning policy. also stated that requisitioned grain was left
to rot whilst people starved to death.
Holodomor (the terror famine in Ukraine) in
spring 1932- branded as a man-made
genocide as Stalin refused to offer relief-aid
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