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VOLLEDIGE SAMENVATTING HISTORISCHE SOCIOLOGIE - 16/20 mee gehaald :) - 3e BACHELOR SOCIOLOGIE
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Volledige samenvatting historische sociologie 64 pagina's
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The neolithic revolution (Stephen Sanderson)Inhoudsopgave
Jager/verzamelaar samenlevingen voor 10.000 geleden.......................................................................4
De wereldwijde transitie naar landbouw................................................................................................5
Het neolithicum in de oude wereld....................................................................................................5
Het neolithicum in de Nieuwe wereld................................................................................................5
De karakteristieken van het Neolithicum...........................................................................................5
Redenen tot de wereldwijde transitie naar landbouw...........................................................................6
1ste theorie – automatisch trend naar evolutie – technologische theorie...........................................6
2de theorie - Populatie druk theorieën................................................................................................7
3de theorie – Klimaatwijziging (2 verschillende theorieën).................................................................8
4de theorie – Druk op middelen (wegens verhoging van populatie)....................................................9
Tekst 2 – The Origin of Civilization and the state (Stephen Sanderson)...............................................15
Een typologie van sociopolitieke evolutie.........................................................................................15
Bands - horden (geen politiek)......................................................................................................15
Thribes – stammen.......................................................................................................................15
Chiefdom......................................................................................................................................16
States – staten..............................................................................................................................17
Verklaring van het ontstaan van beschaving en de staat..................................................................18
Enkele belangrijke beginvaststelling.............................................................................................18
Er zijn enkele grote groepen van verklaringen:............................................................................18
Functionalistische benadering/harmonie in de samenleving.......................................................18
Conflictbenadering.......................................................................................................................18
Handel of economische wisselwerking.........................................................................................19
Marxistische theorie.....................................................................................................................19
Bevolkingsdruktheorie..................................................................................................................20
Irrigatietheorie - landbouw...........................................................................................................20
Circumscription theory (Carneiro)................................................................................................21
From Chiefdom to state: Towards an integrative theory of the evolution of polity (Abrutyn S.,
Lawrence K.).........................................................................................................................................28
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................28
Leading theory rond staatsvorming:.................................................................................................28
Problemen bij graduele visie............................................................................................................28
1
, Gradualistisch feedback model.........................................................................................................29
Wat is daar nu het probleem mee? Kritiek.......................................................................................30
Punctuated equilibrium....................................................................................................................30
Feitelijke overgang van tribe naar State – volgend model................................................................31
Conclusie..........................................................................................................................................32
The autonomous power of the state: its origins, mechanisms and results (Michael Mann)................33
Startpunt:.........................................................................................................................................33
De duale theorie...............................................................................................................................33
Institutionele definitie van de staat:.................................................................................................33
Verschillende vormen van macht.....................................................................................................34
Despotische macht.......................................................................................................................34
Infrastructurele macht..................................................................................................................34
Dus….................................................................................................................................................34
4 types van staten.............................................................................................................................34
Feodale staat................................................................................................................................34
Imperiale staat..............................................................................................................................34
Bureaucratische staat...................................................................................................................34
Authoritaire staat.........................................................................................................................35
Wat houdt die infrastructurele macht precies in?............................................................................35
Waarom ontstaat er dan autonome staatsmacht volgens Mann? (3 kenmerken)...........................35
The necessity of the state – de noodzaak van de staat.................................................................35
The multiplicity of the state functions – de diversiteit van de staatsfuncties...............................36
The territorial centrality of the state – de territorial centraliteit van de staat.............................37
Dialectiek van de staatsmacht..........................................................................................................37
Verschil tussen de despotische macht en de infrastructurele macht is dat…...................................38
Conclusie van Mann – 3 elementen..................................................................................................38
Samenvattend:.................................................................................................................................39
The Rise of the West – D. Chirot...........................................................................................................44
Geografische voordelen....................................................................................................................45
Politieke decentralisatie en de steden..............................................................................................45
Wettelijke en religieuze rationalisatie: de geboorte van het kapitalisme.........................................47
De volgende 300 jaar: creatie van de basis van een industrieel wereld systeem.............................49
Conclusie: theorieën.........................................................................................................................50
The Capitalist revolution and the beginnings of the modern world.....................................................56
1. Inleiding........................................................................................................................................56
Claim Chirot - Grondoorzaak van het kapitalisme (rise of the west).............................................56
2
, KRITIEK van Sanderson hierop......................................................................................................56
Waar sporen ze samen:................................................................................................................56
2. Wanneer begint het kapitalisme:.................................................................................................56
3. Feodaliteit (het oude systeem).....................................................................................................57
4. Het kapitalisme.............................................................................................................................58
Wat is kapitalisme?.......................................................................................................................58
Handelskapitalisme (C-M-C) – Commodity – Money - Commodity...............................................58
Industrieel kapitalisme (M-C-M) – Money – Commodity – Money...............................................58
Het verschil tussen handelskapitalisme en industrieel kapitalisme (obsessie van de Marxisten).58
Omturning van handelskapitalisme naar industrieel kapitalisme.................................................58
5. Het protokapitalisme....................................................................................................................59
6. De opkomst van het kapitalisme in Japan en Europa...................................................................60
7. Theorieën betreffende de transitie naar het kapitalisme.............................................................60
Marxistische theorieën (3)............................................................................................................60
Dobb – is een orthodox marxist....................................................................................................60
Sweeny – is een revisionistische marxist......................................................................................61
Wallerstein – soort van revisionistische Marxist – moderne soort...............................................61
Weberiaanse theorieën................................................................................................................62
Weber...........................................................................................................................................62
Chirot:...........................................................................................................................................62
World System Theories (Wereld systeem theorieën)...................................................................62
Frank:............................................................................................................................................62
Abu-Lughod:.................................................................................................................................62
Demografische theorieën.............................................................................................................63
8. Synthese van Sanderson...............................................................................................................63
On the Sociology of National Development: Theories and Issues (Alejandro Portes)...........................69
0. Inleiding........................................................................................................................................69
1. Theorie 1 - Ontwikkeling als sociale differentiatie (Development as social differentiation).........70
Wat is het idee hierachter?..........................................................................................................70
Wat zijn de belangrijkste kritieken hierop?..................................................................................71
2. Theorie 2 - Ontwikkeling als bepalen van waarden (Development as enactment of values)........72
McClelland – The Achieving Society..............................................................................................72
Inkeles – Identificeert 9 grote houdingen en waarden dat de moderne man onderscheidt.........72
Kritieken:......................................................................................................................................73
3. Theorie 3 - Ontwikkeling als bevrijding van afhankelijkheid (Development as liberation from
dependency).....................................................................................................................................74
3
, Redenering?..................................................................................................................................74
Kritieken van Portes hierop..........................................................................................................74
4. Epiloog..........................................................................................................................................74
Wat is welvaartsstaat?......................................................................................................................80
Wat gebeurde er voordien?..............................................................................................................80
Maar er zijn een problemen:............................................................................................................80
Daarna komt de welvaartsstaat........................................................................................................80
Wat zijn de redenen dat de welvaartsstaat werd opgericht?...........................................................81
Waarom heeft de elite dat toegestaan?...........................................................................................81
Urbanisatie...................................................................................................................................81
Wederzijdse afhankelijkheid.........................................................................................................81
Tegencultuur................................................................................................................................81
Stakingen......................................................................................................................................82
Organisatie van arbeiders.............................................................................................................82
Samenvatting....................................................................................................................................82
Paleolithicum
Mesolithicum
Neolithicum
Jager/verzamelaar samenlevingen voor 10.000 geleden
Kleine groepen – gewoonlijk minder dan 25 leden
Zeer mobiel – quasi constant op zoek naar voedsel
Geen privaat eigendom – geen sociale klasse of stratificatie
Normen worden afgedwongen door strenge sancties
Geen elitegroepen – leiders kunnen enkel adviseren en overtuigen – niet om te regeren
democratisch
Sahlings stelt:
Jager/verzamelaar heeft geen slecht leven gehad – in tegenstelling tot wat eerder werd gedacht.
“Original affluent society” – origineel welvaartssamenleving
Omgeving voorzag hen in voldoende calorieën en voedingsstoffen
4
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