Confidentiality
Protection from unauthorized access
integrity
Protection from unauthorized modification
Availability
protection from disruptions in access
Cybersecurity
the protection of information assets (digital assets) by addressing threats to information processed, stored,...
integrity - Answer Protection from unauthorized modification
Availability - Answer protection from disruptions in access
Cybersecurity - Answer the protection of information assets (digital assets) by
addressing threats to information processed, stored, and transported by internetworked
information systems
NIST Functions to Protect Digital Assets - Answer IPDRR
Nonrepudiation - Answer Def: ensuring that a message or other piece of information is
genuine
Examples: digital signatures and transaction logs
Risk - Answer combination of the probability of an event and its consequences,
mitigated through controls
Threat - Answer Anything that is capable of acting against an asset in a harmful manner
Asset - Answer something of either tangible or intangible value that is worth protecting
Vulnerability - Answer A weakness in the design, implementation, operation or internal
control of a process that could expose the system to adverse threats from threat events
Inherent risk - Answer The risk level or exposure without taking into account the actions
that management has taken or might take (e.g., implementing controls)
Residual risk - Answer the risk that remains after management implements internal
controls or some other response to risk
Likelihood - Answer A.K.A probability
measure of frequency of which an event may occur, which depends on the threat and
vulnerability
,iSACA Cybersecurity Fundamentals
Certification Exam
Approaches to Cybersecurity Risk - Answer Dependent on:
1) Risk tolerance
2) Size & scope of the environment
3) Amount of data available
Approaches:
1) Ad hoc
2) Compliance-based
3) Risk-based
Threat Agents - Answer The actors causing the threats that might exploit a vulnerability
Threat Process - Answer 1) Perform reconnaissance (gathering information)
2) Create attack tools
3) Deliver malicious capabilities
4) Exploit and compromise
5) Conduct an attack
6) Achieve results
7) Maintain a presence or set of capabilities
8) Coordinate a campaign
, iSACA Cybersecurity Fundamentals
Certification Exam
Malware - Answer Def: software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system
without the user's informed consent
Examples: Viruses, network worms, Trojan horses
Policies - Answer communicate required and prohibited activities and behaviors
Standards - Answer Interpret policies in specific situations
Procedures - Answer Provide details on how to comply with policies and standards
Guidelines - Answer Provide general guidance on issues; not requirements but strongly
recommended
Defense in Depth - Answer Layering defenses to provide added protection
Security perimeter - Answer A well-defined boundary between the organization and the
outside world. Cybersecurity emphasizes the system-centric model (placing controls at
the network level)
Internet Perimeter - Answer Secure access to the Internet for enterprise employees and
guest users, regardless of location.
It should...
1) Route traffic between enterprise & internet
2) Prevent executable files from being transferred through email attachments/browsing
3) Monitor internal/external network ports
4) Detect & block traffic from infected internal end point
5) Control user traffic bound for the internet
6) Identify and block malicious packets
7) Eliminate threats such as email spam, viruses
8) Enforce filtering policies to block access to websites containing malware
9) Provide protection for VPNs, WANs, and WLANs
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model - Answer a seven-layer architecture for
defining how data is transmitted from computer to computer in a network, from the
physical connection to the network to the applications that users run. It also
standardizes interactions between network computers exchanging information.
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