A1 Geographical awareness
• Geographical scale: hemispheres, continents, countries, regions.
• Location in relation to:
o position – coastal, inland, islands, oceans, seas
o major rivers, lakes, estuaries, mountain ranges, forests
o altitude, height above sea level
o latitude, equator, ...
A hemisphere is half of the earth, usually as divided into northern and southern halves by the
equator, or into western and eastern halves by an imaginary line passing through the poles.
The equator is an imaginary line on the surface, equidistant from the north and south poles dividing
the earth into northern and southern hemispheres.
The tropics are the region of the Earth near to the equator and between the tropic of Cancer in the
northern hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere.
, Asma Anwar
Geographical awareness
Coastal is things that are near the sea or on the land near
a coast. Examples are Porthcurno beach in Cornwall in
England and Varadero beach in Cuba.
Inland means situated in the middle of a country away
from the sea. Examples are Cotswold Country Park Lake
and Beach in England and Gulpiyuri Beach in Spain.
A lake is a large area of water surrounded by land. Examples are Lake Victoria in Africa and Lake
Baikal in Russia.
An estuary is a wide part of a river where it joins the sea. An example of an estuary is Kingsbridge
Estuary in England and San Francisco Bay in the US state of California.
An island is a piece of land that is completely surrounded by water. Examples of an island is Borneo
in Southeast Asia and Capri in Italy.
A river is water flowing continuously in a long line. Examples are the River Nile in Africa and the
Euphrates in Western Asia.
The sea is salty water that covers most of the earth’s surface. Examples are the South China Sea
which is located in the Pacific Ocean and The Arabian Sea is located in the North-western part of the
Indian Ocean.
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