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College aantekeningen FOOD Fruit & Vegetables (FI1413)

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Samenvatting van de gegeven hoor-, werk- en gastcolleges van de module fruits & vegetables. Technologie, Sensoriek en smaak, Voeding en gezondheid, Wetgeving en etikettering, Microbiologie

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  • June 27, 2022
  • 80
  • 2021/2022
  • Class notes
  • Helena haest
  • All classes
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SAMENVATTING FRUITS &
VEGETABLES
2021-2022


Samenvattingen Hoor- en werkcolleges, gastcolleges




Lisa Bruijs

,Inhoud
Technologie ................................................................................................................................. 2
Les 1: indeling groente en fruit ........................................................................................................... 2
Les 2: kleur en ademhaling ................................................................................................................ 10
Les 3: fruitverwerking ........................................................................................................................ 17
Les 4: groenteverwerking .................................................................................................................. 21
Les 5: aardappelen ............................................................................................................................ 32
Les 6: dranken ................................................................................................................................... 40
Sensoriek en smaak .................................................................................................................... 51
Sensoriek ........................................................................................................................................... 51
Smaak ................................................................................................................................................ 55
Voeding en gezondheid .............................................................................................................. 59
Hoorcollege: Koolhydraten ............................................................................................................... 59
Werkcollege: Groente en fruit .......................................................................................................... 65
Gastcollege: Groente en fruit ............................................................................................................ 68
Wetgeving en etikettering .......................................................................................................... 71
Microbiologie ............................................................................................................................. 75
Lessen blok 1 ..................................................................................................................................... 75
Lessen blok 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 78

,Technologie
Les 1: indeling groente en fruit
Top 5 meest gekochte groenten in Nederland:

1. Tomaat
2. Ui
3. Wortel
4. Komkommer
5. Bloemkool

Top 5 meest gekochte fruit in Nederland:

1. Appel
2. Banaan
3. Sinaasappel
4. Mandarijn
5. Peer



Technologische indeling groente en fruit
De technologische indeling gebeurt op basis van het pH van de sap

- Vruchtensap pH <4,2
o Verkregen door uitpersen van de vrucht. Waterige oplossing van suiker (10-15%) en
zuren (0,5-1%)
- Groentesap pH >4,2
o Bereid door groenten te verwerken. Bevat een laag gehalte aan suikers en zuren

Onderscheid in pH is belangrijk met het oog op de vereiste hittebehandeling voor conservering. In
groenten kunnen bacteriën (sporevormers, Bacillus en Clostridium soorten) en pathogenen zich
ontwikkelen. Hiervoor is sterilisatie vereist. In fruit is geen bederf mogelijk door sporenvormers en is
pasteurisatie voldoende.

, Indeling groenten
Op basis van de bouw en het deel van de plant dat geconsumeerd wordt, kunnen groenten verder
ingedeeld worden.

- Wortel
o Wortelgewas
- Aardappel: verdikking stengel
o Knol
- Zoete aardappel: verdikking van de wortel
- Aubergine
o Vruchtgroente
- Snijbonen, peultjes
o Peulgewas
- Ui-achtige: bol
o Ondergrondse opslag voeding om volgend jaar plant te vormen
- Broccoli: bloemgewas
o Onrijpe bloemhoofden
- Asperge: stengel
- Taugé: spruitgroente
- Witte kool: koolsoort



Indeling fruit
- Appel: pitvrucht
o Zaden in klokhuis
- Peer: pitvrucht
- Mango: steenvrucht
o 1 zaad
- Abrikoos: steenvrucht
- Avocado: steenvrucht
- Rode bes: besvrucht
o Zaden verdeeld in zachte vruchtenmoes
- Bramen: samengestelde steenvrucht
- Granaatappel: bes
- Meloen: besvrucht
- Kers: steenvrucht
- Mandarijn & citroen: citrusvrucht

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