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Lecture Notes INF 20806
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Here you have the lecture notes of the course Applied Information Technology, also known as INF-20806.
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INF – Applied Information TechnologyLECTURE 1 – 9/5/2022 – Introduction
Technology enables new behavior for consumers. It helps to understand how consumers
think and what they like.
Supply chain coordination and information: it all becomes more efficient.
Because of upcoming ICT life, there is a rising thread for privacy, but also just an overall
thread of fishing mails, wrong links, data leaks, etc.
LECTURE 2 – 10/5/2022 – business model
Porter’s Competitive forces model:
Threat of new entrants, buyer power, threat of substitute products or services, and supplier
power have influence on your organization and competing organizations (rivalry).
Porter’s value chain model
Secondary and primary activities. Functions, tasks, and ICT support are horizontally for
primary activities and vertical for secondary activities.
Porter’s strategies for competitive advantage
Cost leader: I can sell at a lower cost than others
Differentiation: I am better because I am different.
Innovation: I’m doing something new, and you can’t catch up.
Operational effectiveness: I can do the same thing more efficiently than you can.
Customer oriented: I treat my customers better than you do.
E-commerce: process of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products, services, or
information via computer networks, including the internet. Product and delivery are digital.
E-Business: broader, but also includes servicing customers, collaborating with business
partners, performing electronic transactions within organization.
Business-to-consumer: the sellers are organizations, and the buyers are individuals
Business-to-business: both the sellers and the buyers are business organizations
Consumer-to-consumer: an individual sells products or services to other individuals
Business-to-employee: an organization uses EC internally to provide information and
services to its employees.
E-government: E-government is the use of internet technology in general and e-commerce to
deliver information and public citizens
Government-to-citizen: government to individual citizens
Government-to-business looks like B2B, usually with an overlay of government procurement
regulations.
Barcodes
- Traditional barcodes for article identification
- Longer barcode captures more information
Two-dimensional matrix codes
- QR code: can capture even more information
RFID – radio frequency identification
- Chips that pass by antennas
- Can be active or passive
A chip that can send out a signal (active) and then something happens.
, Sensors: devices, modules, or subsystems whose purpose is to detect or change its
environment and send the information to other electronics.
Intelligent systems: information systems that can make decisions by themselves. The term
describes the various commercial applications of artificial intelligence.
Artificial intelligence: behavior by a machine that, if performed by a human being, would be
considered intelligent. It is a subfield of computer science that studies the thought processes
of humans and re-creates the effects of those processes via machines, such as computers
and robots.
Intelligent behavior: learning or understanding from experience, making sense of ambiguous
or contradictory messages, and responding quickly and successfully to new situations.
Algorithm: a problem-solving method expressed as a finite sequence in steps.
AI in everyday life:
- Maps and navigation
- Facial detection and recognition
- Text editors
- Search recommendations
- Chatbots and digital assistants
- Social media
Natural intelligence: human intelligence
Intelligent behavior: learning or understanding from experience, making sense of ambiguous
or contradictory messages, and responding quickly and successfully to new situations.
Turing test: during the test, the human questioner asks a series of questions to both
respondents. After the specified time, the questioner tries to decide which terminal is
operated by the human respondent and which terminal is operated by the computer.
LECTURE 3 – 16/5/2022 – Data Management
Data governance the management of master and transactional data
Data capture before barcodes: cash machines and notebooks were used
Data volume how big is the data companies must deal with? How many transactions for
example?
Data sharing where else do businesses get data from? Whom do they provide data to?
With online grocery shopping, you often cannot see the information on labels, which you can
see if you are shopping in a store.
Master data:
- Core business data
- Typically managed centrally
- Typically shared/single version of truth
- Data that is informative
- Example: online web shop
Transactional data:
- Data about events, data about the here-and-now
- Typically, not shared with business partners; often distributed across the organization
- Often comes from automated systems/log data
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