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Summary OCR A level Physics A 4.4 Waves (part 2) $7.11   Add to cart

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Summary OCR A level Physics A 4.4 Waves (part 2)

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Summary notes for the second half of topic 4.4 waves (chapter 12 in the textbook) covering superposition, interference, Young’s double slit experiment, stationary waves and harmonics. Notes include definitions, highlighted key points, diagrams, explanations and break downs of equations

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  • June 28, 2022
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  • 2021/2022
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Superposition
when two the
type
other
waves
and
of same meet,
they pass through
each
superpose ,
producing a resultant wave .




Principle of superposition :




When two waves meet the resultant displacement at that point
,


is the sum of the displacements of the individual waves .




Remember displacement
: is a vector
quantity ,
so the resultant
displacement
can be
larger or smaller than the displacements of the
individual waves



when two
progressive waves
superpose it is known as
interference .




Interference can be constructive or destructive :




waves in phase

+ =
CONSTRUCTIVE intensity also increases
as
intensity ✗ (amplitude
waves in anti phase

+ =
DESTRUCTIVE intensity decreases




Interference
coherence : waves emitted from two sources that have the same

frequency and a constant phase difference .




Interference patterns contain a series of maxima and minima

Maxima :

pathdifference is a multiple of a whole number of
wavelengths producing constructive interference (maximum
,




amplitude)

, Minima :
path difference is an odd number of half wavelengths ,


destructive
interference ( minimum amplitude)
producing

Maxima :
phase difference of
an even multiple of

IT radians so , waves

meet in
phase and

interfere constructively
Minima :
phase difference of an
odd multiple of IT radians ,




so waves meet in antiphase
and interfere destructively
Young double-slit experiment


Coherent waves are needed to

form interference pattern
monochromatic
light source ( colour
filter)
narrow slits to diffract light
light diffracted by single slit arrives at





double slit in phase
Diffract again at double slit
causing area
of overlap and therefore



,




interference .






Interference pattern seen on screen -


alternate
bright + dark

regions (fringes


Therefore Young , proved that light acts as a wave .




ax
wavelength t.in metres
=

, ,
m

D slit
separation a in metres m
,
, ,




fringe separation x in metres , , ,
on
distance to screen .
D , in metres , m

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