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samenvatting constructie ruwbouw
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[DATUM]CONSTRUCTIE RUWBOUW
VASTGOED 21-22
LAURA MYLLE
HOGENT
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: voorbereidende werken ...................................................................................................... 5
Het terrein ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
De ligging ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
De ondergrond ............................................................................................................................................ 5
De terreinverkenning .................................................................................................................................. 5
De grond ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
Vereenvoudigde classificatie: losse versus rotsachtige grond ............................................................. 6
Basisbegrippen over grond ....................................................................................................................... 8
Grondonderzoek ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Inplanting en uitzetting van het gebouw ............................................................................................... 13
Grondwerken ............................................................................................................................................. 14
Aanaarding ................................................................................................................................................. 18
Aarding ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
Bodemverontreiniging .............................................................................................................................. 19
Hoofdstuk 2: funderingen ......................................................................................................................... 21
1. Algemeen .............................................................................................................................................. 21
Grensdraagvermogen vs toelaatbaar draagvermogen ....................................................................... 21
Zettingen .................................................................................................................................................... 21
2. Funderingstypen................................................................................................................................... 23
Funderingen op geringe diepte ............................................................................................................... 23
Diepfunderingen ........................................................................................................................................ 28
3. Pathologie van funderingen ................................................................................................................ 34
Vaststellingen ............................................................................................................................................ 34
Oorzaken .................................................................................................................................................... 35
Meetmogelijkheden voor vaststellingen................................................................................................. 36
Remediëring ............................................................................................................................................... 36
4. Verklarende woordenlijst ..................................................................................................................... 37
Hoofdstuk 3: kelders ................................................................................................................................. 38
1. Algemeen .............................................................................................................................................. 38
Ondergrondse constructies- extern invloeden & belastingen ............................................................. 38
Dichtheid van ingegraven constructies .................................................................................................. 38
Welk type van ondergrondse constructie? ............................................................................................ 39
2. Soorten ingegraveb constructies ....................................................................................................... 39
Kruipruimte ................................................................................................................................................. 39
Kelder ......................................................................................................................................................... 40
Kelderopeningen ....................................................................................................................................... 48
3. isoleren van grondvocht ...................................................................................................................... 48
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................... 48
Cementering en betering ......................................................................................................................... 49
Cementering en betering met drainage aan buitenzijde ................................................................... 49
Soepele bekuiping aan buitenzijde ........................................................................................................ 51
Stijve bekuiping ......................................................................................................................................... 52
Binnebekuiping met een membraan ...................................................................................................... 53
Bekuiping/beton vs drainage vs beraping & betering? ........................................................................ 53
4. Gevaren van vocht ............................................................................................................................... 54
Opstijgend vocht in muren ....................................................................................................................... 54
5. Pathologie ............................................................................................................................................. 55
, Gemetselde kelders .................................................................................................................................. 55
Hoofdstuk 4: huisriolering........................................................................................................................ 55
1. Algemeen .............................................................................................................................................. 55
Probleemstelling afvalwaters .................................................................................................................. 55
Belang van afkoppeling ............................................................................................................................ 55
Waarheen met afvalwater? ..................................................................................................................... 56
Terminologie .............................................................................................................................................. 57
2. Afwateringssystemen .......................................................................................................................... 57
Algmeen ..................................................................................................................................................... 57
Soorten afwateringssystemen ................................................................................................................. 58
Gemengde riolering .................................................................................................................................. 58
Gescheiden riolering................................................................................................................................. 59
3. bron maatregelen ................................................................................................................................. 60
Uitvoeringsprincipe regenwateropvang en – verdeling ....................................................................... 61
Keuring riolering ........................................................................................................................................ 61
4. Uitvoering van ....................................................................................................................................... 62
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................... 62
Ontwerpregels ........................................................................................................................................... 62
Aandachtspunten bij uitvoering ............................................................................................................... 62
Materiaal..................................................................................................................................................... 63
5. Afvoer van afvalwater in gebouwen .................................................................................................. 66
Begripsomschrijvingen ............................................................................................................................. 66
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................... 66
Ontwerptichtlijnen ..................................................................................................................................... 67
Belang van verluchting ............................................................................................................................. 69
Drukverloop in een standleiding ............................................................................................................. 71
De voetsplitsing ......................................................................................................................................... 71
Materiaal..................................................................................................................................................... 72
Uitvoeringsplannen ................................................................................................................................... 73
Woordenlijst ............................................................................................................................................... 74
6. Pathologie ............................................................................................................................................. 75
Vaststellingen ............................................................................................................................................ 75
Oorzaken .................................................................................................................................................... 76
Renovatietechnieken ................................................................................................................................ 76
Onderhoud & preventie ............................................................................................................................ 76
Hoofdstuk 5: Bovengrondse metselwerken .......................................................................................... 77
1. Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................. 77
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................... 77
Toepassingsgebied .................................................................................................................................. 78
2. Materiaalspecificaties .......................................................................................................................... 78
Metselstenen ............................................................................................................................................. 78
Stelproducten ............................................................................................................................................ 81
Metselwerktoebehoren ............................................................................................................................. 82
Geprefabriceerd metselwerk ................................................................................................................... 83
Isolatiematerialen voor metselwerkwanden .......................................................................................... 83
Afdichtingsmembranen ............................................................................................................................ 85
3. Eisen en prestaties van metselwerk .................................................................................................. 87
Brandveiligheid .......................................................................................................................................... 87
Akoestiek .................................................................................................................................................... 88
Plaatsingstechnieken ............................................................................................................................... 90
, Te nemen voorzorgen .............................................................................................................................. 91
Deur- en vensteropeningen ..................................................................................................................... 91
Verbindingen.............................................................................................................................................. 92
Spouwmuren.............................................................................................................................................. 92
Muurafdekking ........................................................................................................................................... 93
Voegwerken ............................................................................................................................................... 93
Toleranties van metselwerken ................................................................................................................ 95
4. Pathologie van metselwerken ............................................................................................................ 95
Bouwvocht ................................................................................................................................................. 95
Hoofdstuk 6: draagvloeren ....................................................................................................................... 96
1. Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................. 96
Toepassinggebied en terminologie ........................................................................................................ 96
2. Typologie van draagvloeren ............................................................................................................... 97
Inleiding ...................................................................................................................................................... 97
Keuze van het draagvloertype ................................................................................................................ 97
Prestatie-eisen .......................................................................................................................................... 97
Terminologie .............................................................................................................................................. 98
3. Ter plaatse gestorte betonvloeren ..................................................................................................... 99
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................... 99
Bekisting ..................................................................................................................................................... 99
Bewapening en betondekking ............................................................................................................... 100
Betonneren .............................................................................................................................................. 100
Voor- en nadelen .................................................................................................................................... 100
4. Geprefabriceerde betonvloeren ....................................................................................................... 101
Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................. 101
Holle vloerelementen of welfsels .......................................................................................................... 101
Voor- en nadelen .................................................................................................................................... 102
Geprefabriceerde ribbenvloeren ........................................................................................................... 103
Breedplaatvloeren of predalien ............................................................................................................. 103
Voor- en nadelen .................................................................................................................................... 104
Vloeren uit potten en balken ................................................................................................................. 104
Voor- en nadelen .................................................................................................................................... 105
Vergelijking predal-welfsels-potten en balken? .................................................................................. 105
Staalplaat-betonvloeren ......................................................................................................................... 106
Uitkragende prefab betonterassen ....................................................................................................... 106
5. Houten vloeren ................................................................................................................................... 107
Houten belkenroosters ........................................................................................................................... 107
Voor- en nadelen .................................................................................................................................... 108
CLT-vloeren ............................................................................................................................................. 108
6. Patholodie van vloeren ...................................................................................................................... 109
Schade aan betonsctructuren ............................................................................................................... 109
Hoofdstuk 7: Platte daken ...................................................................................................................... 112
1. Algemeen ............................................................................................................................................ 112
Dakvorm ................................................................................................................................................... 112
Reputatie .................................................................................................................................................. 112
Constructie & terminologie .................................................................................................................... 112
Bouwfysische consities .......................................................................................................................... 113
Duurzaamheid & milieu .......................................................................................................................... 114
Bouwstabiliteit.......................................................................................................................................... 114
2. Platte daksystemen............................................................................................................................ 130
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