NURSING
2022 ATI - MED SURG PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL
SOLVED SOLUTION
1. The nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client who has osteoporosis.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse in the teaching?
a) "Place throw rugs on wooden floors at home. "
b) "Supplement your diet with vitamin E."
c) "Swim laps for 20 minutes twice per week."
d) "Take calcium supplements with meals."
- d) "Take calcium supplements with meals." (The nurse should instruct the client to
take calcium carbonate supplements with or following meals to increase absorption and
effectiveness.)
2. The nurse is reviewing the medication record of a client who is taking digoxin. Which
of the following medications should the nurse identify as increasing the risk for the client
to develop digoxin toxicity?
a) Potassium chloride
b) Famotidine
c) Levothyroxine
d) Furosemide
- d) Furosemide (The nurse should identify that loop diuretics, such as furosemide,
increase the urinary excretion of potassium, which can lead to hypokalemia.
Hypokalemia increases the risk for the development of digoxin toxicity.)
3. The nurse is reinforcing teaching about insulin injections with an adult client who
weighs 45.4 kg (100 lb.). Which of the following statements by the client indicates an
understanding of the teaching?
a) "I should insert the needle at a 90-degree angle."
b) "I should give my shot in my belly tissue."
c) "I will pull back on the syringe plunger to look for blood before I push the medication
in."
d) "I will use the side of my hand to pull my skin to the side prior to administering the
insulin."
- b) "I should give my shot in my belly tissue."
4. The nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching for a client who had a mechanical mitral
valve replacement. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an
understanding of the teaching?
a) "I will notify my dentist about this procedure."
b) "I will take an enteric-coated aspirin daily."
c) "I will use a firm-bristled toothbrush."
,d) "I will weigh myself once a week." - a) "I will notify my dentist about this procedure."
(The nurse should instruct the client to notify his dentist about the mechanical mitral
valve replacement before any procedures so antibiotic therapy can be initiated to
reduce the risk of endocardial infection.)
5. The nurse is reviewing the medical record for an older adult client who is
experiencing nausea and vomiting. Based on the client data, which of the following
actions should the nurse take? (Click on the "Exhibit" button for additional client
information. There are three tabs that contain separate categories of data.) View the
Exhibit Exhibit 1 Exhibit 2 Exhibit 3 Diagnosis Results Sodium 142 mEq/ Potassium 4.2
mEq/L BUN 36 mg/dL Creatinine 1.4 mg/dL Nurses' Notes 1200: Alert and oriented x3
Lungs clear to auscultation Decreased skin turgor Dry mucous membranes Graphic
Record Temperature 0800: 37.7° C (99.9° F) 1200: 37.2° C (99.0° F) Pulse 0800:
96/min 1200:105/min Respiratory rate 0800: 18/min 1200: 20/min Blood pressure 0800;
118/62 mmHg 1200: 104/65 mm Hg
a) Encourage the client to ambulate.
b) Administer an antipyretic medication.
c) Notify the charge nurse of the client's BUN level
d) Keep the temperature in the client's room warm. - c) Notify the charge nurse of the
client's BUN level (The client's BUN level is above the expected reference range of 10
to 20 mg/dL, which indicates dehydration and impaired renal function. The nurse should
notify the charge nurse of this finding and anticipate interventions to restore the client's
fluid volume.)
6. The nurse is providing information regarding transmission-based precautions for a
client who has Clostridium difficile to assistive personnel (AP). Which of the following
instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply).
a) "Provide the client with disposable utensils and dishes for meals."
b) "Leave blood pressure equipment in the client's room."
c) "Clean contaminated surfaces with a bleach solution."
d) "Use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer after client care."
e) "Wear a face mask when in the client's room." - a) "Provide the client with disposable
utensils and dishes for meals." (Clients who have C. difficile require contact precautions,
which include using disposable utensils and dishes during meals to prevent exposure to
contaminants by others.)
b) "Leave blood pressure equipment in the client's room." (When using contact
precautions, the health care staff should dedicate equipment to single-client use to
prevent transmission of the pathogen.)
c) "Clean contaminated surfaces with a bleach solution." (The health care staff should
use a bleach solution to clean equipment to prevent transmission of the pathogen.)
7. The nurse is admitting a client who is suspected having active tuberculosis (TB).
Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? (chap. 20)
a) Administer antituberculosis medication.
b) Institute airborne precautions.
c) Obtain sputum cultures.
, d) Auscultate breath sounds. - b) Institute airborne precautions. (The greatest risk from
this client is transmitting TB to staff and other clients. Therefore, the first action the
nurse should take is to implement airborne precautions.)
8. The nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and has a Jackson-Pratt drain.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
a) Fill the bulb reservoir with 0.9% sodium chloride.
b) Allow the Jackson-Pratt drain to hang freely.
c) Cut a slit in a gauze sponge and apply it around the tubing insertion site.
d) Compress the bulb reservoir and then close the drainage valve. - d) Compress the
bulb reservoir and then close the drainage valve. (The nurse should fully compress the
bulb reservoir and then replace the valve plug using aseptic technique to establish
suction after emptying or activating a Jackson-Pratt drain.)
9. The nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parent of a toddler who has type I diabetes
mellitus and whose prescription has been changed from regular insulin to lispro insulin.
Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
a) Lispro is given once a day.
b) Lispro should be given before eating.
c) Lispro cannot be given with other insulin.
d) Lispro does not cause hypoglycemia. - b) Lispro should be given before eating.
(Lispro insulin should be given around mealtime, within 15 min before or after eating.)
10. The nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has microcytic anemia and is
prescribed a daily iron supplement. The nurse tells the client to consume foods
containing vitamin C when taking the supplement to enhance iron absorption. Which of
the following client food choices indicates an understanding of the teaching?
a) 1 cup cooked brown rice
b) 1 cup boiled broccoli
c) 1 cup cottage cheese
d) 1 cup cooked kidney beans - b) 1 cup boiled broccoli (The nurse should determine
that choosing boiled broccoli indicates an understanding of the teaching because 1 cup
contains 101 mg of vitamin C per serving.)
11. The nurse is assisting with the development of a plan of care to manage pain for a
client who has herpes zoster with lesions on the lower extremities. Which of the
following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
a) Keep bed linens off of the affected areas.
b) Position a heat lamp over the lower extremities.
c) Apply warm, moist compresses to the affected areas.
d) Initiate droplet isolation precautions. - a) Keep bed linens off of the affected areas.
(The nurse should keep bed linens off of the affected areas using a bed cradle, which
will relieve pain caused by the linens rubbing against the lesions.)
12. The nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about increasing dietary fiber. The
nurse should recommend which of the following foods as the best source of fiber?
2022 ATI - MED SURG PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL
SOLVED SOLUTION
1. The nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client who has osteoporosis.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse in the teaching?
a) "Place throw rugs on wooden floors at home. "
b) "Supplement your diet with vitamin E."
c) "Swim laps for 20 minutes twice per week."
d) "Take calcium supplements with meals."
- d) "Take calcium supplements with meals." (The nurse should instruct the client to
take calcium carbonate supplements with or following meals to increase absorption and
effectiveness.)
2. The nurse is reviewing the medication record of a client who is taking digoxin. Which
of the following medications should the nurse identify as increasing the risk for the client
to develop digoxin toxicity?
a) Potassium chloride
b) Famotidine
c) Levothyroxine
d) Furosemide
- d) Furosemide (The nurse should identify that loop diuretics, such as furosemide,
increase the urinary excretion of potassium, which can lead to hypokalemia.
Hypokalemia increases the risk for the development of digoxin toxicity.)
3. The nurse is reinforcing teaching about insulin injections with an adult client who
weighs 45.4 kg (100 lb.). Which of the following statements by the client indicates an
understanding of the teaching?
a) "I should insert the needle at a 90-degree angle."
b) "I should give my shot in my belly tissue."
c) "I will pull back on the syringe plunger to look for blood before I push the medication
in."
d) "I will use the side of my hand to pull my skin to the side prior to administering the
insulin."
- b) "I should give my shot in my belly tissue."
4. The nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching for a client who had a mechanical mitral
valve replacement. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an
understanding of the teaching?
a) "I will notify my dentist about this procedure."
b) "I will take an enteric-coated aspirin daily."
c) "I will use a firm-bristled toothbrush."
,d) "I will weigh myself once a week." - a) "I will notify my dentist about this procedure."
(The nurse should instruct the client to notify his dentist about the mechanical mitral
valve replacement before any procedures so antibiotic therapy can be initiated to
reduce the risk of endocardial infection.)
5. The nurse is reviewing the medical record for an older adult client who is
experiencing nausea and vomiting. Based on the client data, which of the following
actions should the nurse take? (Click on the "Exhibit" button for additional client
information. There are three tabs that contain separate categories of data.) View the
Exhibit Exhibit 1 Exhibit 2 Exhibit 3 Diagnosis Results Sodium 142 mEq/ Potassium 4.2
mEq/L BUN 36 mg/dL Creatinine 1.4 mg/dL Nurses' Notes 1200: Alert and oriented x3
Lungs clear to auscultation Decreased skin turgor Dry mucous membranes Graphic
Record Temperature 0800: 37.7° C (99.9° F) 1200: 37.2° C (99.0° F) Pulse 0800:
96/min 1200:105/min Respiratory rate 0800: 18/min 1200: 20/min Blood pressure 0800;
118/62 mmHg 1200: 104/65 mm Hg
a) Encourage the client to ambulate.
b) Administer an antipyretic medication.
c) Notify the charge nurse of the client's BUN level
d) Keep the temperature in the client's room warm. - c) Notify the charge nurse of the
client's BUN level (The client's BUN level is above the expected reference range of 10
to 20 mg/dL, which indicates dehydration and impaired renal function. The nurse should
notify the charge nurse of this finding and anticipate interventions to restore the client's
fluid volume.)
6. The nurse is providing information regarding transmission-based precautions for a
client who has Clostridium difficile to assistive personnel (AP). Which of the following
instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply).
a) "Provide the client with disposable utensils and dishes for meals."
b) "Leave blood pressure equipment in the client's room."
c) "Clean contaminated surfaces with a bleach solution."
d) "Use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer after client care."
e) "Wear a face mask when in the client's room." - a) "Provide the client with disposable
utensils and dishes for meals." (Clients who have C. difficile require contact precautions,
which include using disposable utensils and dishes during meals to prevent exposure to
contaminants by others.)
b) "Leave blood pressure equipment in the client's room." (When using contact
precautions, the health care staff should dedicate equipment to single-client use to
prevent transmission of the pathogen.)
c) "Clean contaminated surfaces with a bleach solution." (The health care staff should
use a bleach solution to clean equipment to prevent transmission of the pathogen.)
7. The nurse is admitting a client who is suspected having active tuberculosis (TB).
Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? (chap. 20)
a) Administer antituberculosis medication.
b) Institute airborne precautions.
c) Obtain sputum cultures.
, d) Auscultate breath sounds. - b) Institute airborne precautions. (The greatest risk from
this client is transmitting TB to staff and other clients. Therefore, the first action the
nurse should take is to implement airborne precautions.)
8. The nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and has a Jackson-Pratt drain.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
a) Fill the bulb reservoir with 0.9% sodium chloride.
b) Allow the Jackson-Pratt drain to hang freely.
c) Cut a slit in a gauze sponge and apply it around the tubing insertion site.
d) Compress the bulb reservoir and then close the drainage valve. - d) Compress the
bulb reservoir and then close the drainage valve. (The nurse should fully compress the
bulb reservoir and then replace the valve plug using aseptic technique to establish
suction after emptying or activating a Jackson-Pratt drain.)
9. The nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parent of a toddler who has type I diabetes
mellitus and whose prescription has been changed from regular insulin to lispro insulin.
Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
a) Lispro is given once a day.
b) Lispro should be given before eating.
c) Lispro cannot be given with other insulin.
d) Lispro does not cause hypoglycemia. - b) Lispro should be given before eating.
(Lispro insulin should be given around mealtime, within 15 min before or after eating.)
10. The nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has microcytic anemia and is
prescribed a daily iron supplement. The nurse tells the client to consume foods
containing vitamin C when taking the supplement to enhance iron absorption. Which of
the following client food choices indicates an understanding of the teaching?
a) 1 cup cooked brown rice
b) 1 cup boiled broccoli
c) 1 cup cottage cheese
d) 1 cup cooked kidney beans - b) 1 cup boiled broccoli (The nurse should determine
that choosing boiled broccoli indicates an understanding of the teaching because 1 cup
contains 101 mg of vitamin C per serving.)
11. The nurse is assisting with the development of a plan of care to manage pain for a
client who has herpes zoster with lesions on the lower extremities. Which of the
following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
a) Keep bed linens off of the affected areas.
b) Position a heat lamp over the lower extremities.
c) Apply warm, moist compresses to the affected areas.
d) Initiate droplet isolation precautions. - a) Keep bed linens off of the affected areas.
(The nurse should keep bed linens off of the affected areas using a bed cradle, which
will relieve pain caused by the linens rubbing against the lesions.)
12. The nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about increasing dietary fiber. The
nurse should recommend which of the following foods as the best source of fiber?
