Oorzaken
- Meest frequente oorzaak in Nederland is toxiciteitsreacties op medicamenten (27%)
waarvan paracetamol (12%) of prednisolon
Behandeling paracetamol intoxicatie: N-acetylcysteïne i.v.
- Hepatitis B virus (21%)
- Virale infecties
- Toxines (paddenstoelen)
- Auto-immuun hepatitis – IgG normaal, geen autoantilichamen, prednisolon
behandeling
- Ziekte van Wilson – urine Cu++, coeruloplasmin normaal; geen hemolyse
(alkalische fosfatase verdwijnt bij deze patiënten in het bloed, terwijl de bilirubine stijgt)
- Budd-Chiari syndroom – echo doppler normaal
(verstopping van de levervenen)
- ZWANGERSCHAP:
Acuut vette lever van zwangerschap, HELP syndroom eclampsie, hyperemesis
gravidarum, intra hepatische zwangerschapscholestase
- Leverfalen obv Adult stils syndroom
Wanneer patiënt niet meer normaal kan communiceren en niet meer begrijpt wat er wordt
gezegd: hepatische encefalopathie (DUS acuut leverfalen is bereikt)
Factoren die (tijdelijke) ICP-stijging geven
- Koorts
- Insulten
- Arteriële hypertensie
- Vaatverwijdende middelen
- Opwinding, lawaai
- Valsalvabehandeling
- Compressie van de vena jugularis
- Draaien van het hoofd en angulatie van de nek
- Endotracheaal uitzuigen
- Overvulling
, Indicatie voor levertransplantatie?
- King’s college criteria
INR>6.5 (PT>100s)
Of 3 van 5 criteria:
Leeftijd <10 of >40 jaar
NonA nonB hepatitis, medicamenteus-geïnduceerd leverfalen
Geelzucht> 7 dagen voor begin van de encephalopathie
Bilirubine > 17.4 mg/dl (>298 micromol/L)
INR>4 (PT>50s)
- Chlichy criteria
Factor V<20% (leeftijd <30) of <30% (>30)
Hepatische encephalopathie
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