Summary
Summary OCR A level chemistry- Chapter 28 Qs and Ans
- Course
- Institution
summary in the form of questions on the left and answers on the right
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
rebeccamoore2
Content preview
Chapter 28- organic synthesis28.1 Carbon-carbon bond formation
What is the nitrile functional group? CN
How do you form nitriles? From reacting haloalkanes with sodium cyanide,
NaCN or potassium cyanide, KCN.
What does using nitriles allow you to do? Lengthen the carbon chain
What four reactions of nitriles to know? Nitrile formation from haloalkanes
Nitrile formation from aldehydes and ketones
Reduction of nitriles
Hydrolysis of nitriles
Give the reaction and mechanism of 1-
chloropropane with potassium cyanide
Aldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen Nucleophilic substitution
cyanide in what type of reaction? Hydroxynitrile
What is the product known as?
Draw a mechanism for the above reaction
What are nitriles reduced to and what with? Amines by reacting hydrogen in the presence of
a nickel catalyst
What will the reduction of propanenitrile form? Propylamine
Nitriles undergo hydrolysis to form what and Forms carboxylic acids and NH4Cl
what are the reactants? By heating with dilute aqueous acid eg HCl
What is alkylation? A reaction that transfers an alkyl group from a
haloalkane to a benzene ring. The reaction takes
place in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst
such as aluminium chloride
Acylation When benzene reacts with an acyl chloride in the
, Chapter 28- organic synthesis
presence of an aluminium chloride catalyst,
forming a ketone.
28.2 Further practical techniques
What three techniques in this chapter? Filtration under reduced pressure
Recrystallisation
Melting point determination
Filtration under reduced pressure purpose For separating a solid product from a solvent or
liquid reaction mixture
What 5 things do you need for filtration under Buchner flask, buchner funnel, pressure tubing,
reduced pressure? filter paper, access to filter or vacuum pump
What does recrystallisation do? It removes impurities contained in the solid
product after filtration
How do you carry out recrystallisation?
What do you do if the solvent is flammable?
What do you add?
What do you do once dissolved?
What does recrystallisation depend on? The desired product and the impurities having
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller rebeccamoore2. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.88. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now