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Summary The Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII) $3.88
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Summary The Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

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This is a summary of the anatomy and functions associated with the Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

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  • November 16, 2015
  • 2
  • 2015/2016
  • Summary
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The Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)


 The hypoglossal nerve only has a somatic motor function, innervating most of
the muscles of the tongue

Anatomical course:
 Arises from the hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla oblongata of the
brainstem
 From here it passes laterally across the posterior cranial fossa in the
subarachnoid space
 It exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal
 Once extracranial, the nerve joins with a branch of the cervical plexus from
the C1 and C2 spinal nerve roots
 The hypoglossal nerve doesn’t merge; it only travels in the same sheath as
the spinal nerve roots
 It then passes inferiorly to the angle of the mandible, while crossing the
internal and external carotid arteries
 It continues to move in an anterior direction before entering the tongue




Motor function:
 The hypoglossal nerve provides motor innervation for the majority of muscles
of the tongue:
1. Extrinsic muscles –
- Genioglossus (makes up muscle bulk of tongue)
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus (supplied by the vagus nerve)

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