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Summary The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
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This is a summary of the anatomy and functions associated with the Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
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The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) The glossopharyngeal nerve is associated with structures derived from the
third pharyngeal arch
Its functions include:
Motor – stylopharyngeus muscle
Sensory – innervates the oropharynx, carotid body, carotid sinus, posterior
1/3 of the tongue, middle ear and Eustachian tube
Special sensory – taste sensation to posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Parasympathetic – innervation of the parotid gland
Anatomical course:
CN IX originates in the medulla oblongata and arises from its anterior aspect
The nerve leaves the cranium through the jugular foramen, and at this point
the tympanic nerve branches off
Distal to the jugular foramen are two ganglia of the glossopharyngeal nerve:
the superior and inferior (petrous) ganglia
Once extracranial, the glossopharyngeal nerve passes down the neck,
anterolateral to the internal carotid artery
It branches to provide motor innervation to muscles in the neck at the inferior
border of the stylopharyngeus muscle
It also gives rise to the carotid sinus nerve that supplies sensory innervation to
the carotid sinus and carotid body
CN IX then enters the pharynx, passing directly between the superior and
middle pharyngeal constrictors
It then divides into 3 terminal branches: the lingual, tonsil and pharyngeal
branches
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