Summary
Summary The Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
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This is a summary of the anatomy and functions associated with the (spinal) Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
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The Accessory Nerve (CN XI) The (spinal) accessory nerve only has a somatic motor function by innervating
the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Anatomical course:
1. Spinal part –
Originates from spinal nerve roots of the upper cervical spinal cord (primarily
C1-C6)
Once joined, these nerve roots form the accessory nerve and run superiorly to
enter the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum
It then transverses the posterior cranial fossa and exits the skull through the
jugular foramen with the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
From here the spinal part descends following the course of the internal carotid
artery before reaching the sternocleidomastoid muscle which it innervates.
After this point it continues across the posterior triangle of the neck to
innervate the trapezius muscle
2. Cranial part –
Arises from the lateral aspect of the medulla oblongata in the brainstem
It leaves the skull through the jugular foramen before combining with the
vagus nerve (CN X) at its inferior ganglion
From here the fibres are distributed through the vagus nerve
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