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Summary The Technological elements that shaped the Canadian city
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Class note summary HIST 2215 Topic- The Technological elements that shaped the Canadian city
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Technological elements that shaped the Canadian cityTechnology is the manipulation of the physical world to achieve human goals.
Technological knowledge is often embedded in physical objects such as tools.
Technology influences and influences the societies that use it. For example, in
Canada, indigenous peoples have developed different types of canoes, depending
on the type of water they move. The Technology then promoted land colonization
through the development of farm tools, railroads and new forms of housing. Today,
Canada is at the forefront of technological development in areas such as
transportation, telecommunications and energy.
Native technology
The Technology used by indigenous peoples to adapt to the Canadian region, from
the Great Lakes to the Arctic Circle, were highly dependent on geographic
conditions and local resources. Notable achievements are: Transportation
technology such as birch bark, cedar canoe, and snowshoes. Evacuation centers
such as tipi, longhouses and igloos. Various hunting and fishing Technology s.
These technologies do not remain static for the long term. Instead, their scope and
sophistication have increased, and the use of different environments has become
increasingly successful in the acquisition of food resources, the creation of shelters
and clothing, and their involvement in trade and conflict.
,Colonization and settlement: 1500–1867
While the medieval Vikings traveled to North America on elaborate ships called
Knarrs, Europeans from France and the British Isles began exploring and settling
on the continent in the late 15th century. They brought them a list of tools and the
know-how to use them. However, the new environment in northern North America
required changes to all of these technologies as fishing and trade outposts,
agricultural settlements, roads and cities were built. In addition, Europeans had to
adapt to using these tools in new cultural environments. In Europe, work was
often directed by people of high social status, but in North America, work was
performed more cooperatively, often under the direction of the most capable.
Cod drying
Cod drying on flakes in Grand Étang, Gaspé, Québec.
, The international rivalry for Grand Banks cod resulted in the first English
settlements in Newfoundland. These settlements were directly affected by existing
fishing technology. While the French salted their catch immediately and sailed
home without much contact with the land, the English, on the other hand, did not
have cheap supplies of salt and were forced to establish drying platforms called
flakes.
Agriculture
Mainland settlements were principally agricultural in nature, using and adapting
European implements to a variety of challenging North American environments.
Agricultural technology, more than any other, is profoundly affected by local
conditions of weather, soil, water and pests, as well as land-tenure systems.
Acadian farmers built dikes to protect their fields from flooding in the Fundy
marshes. In New France, the seigneurial system created a pattern of long, narrow
landholdings extending out from the St Lawrence River — a vital artery of travel
and commerce. Loyalists in what would become Ontario cleared thick stands of
trees and dense underbrush using simple, sturdy hand tools like the brush scythe
and oxen as draft animals. Heavy plows (called "French" plows and similar to the
medieval two-wheeled plow drawn by oxen) were first used by the Acadians and
Habitants. A smaller, rugged implement called the bull plow, with no wheels or
coulter, was developed for maneuvering around stumps and rocks. Alternately, a
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