Economic Developments Britain 1945-64 A level history 1G Challenge and transformation
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Course
Depth Study (1G)
Institution
AQA
Colour-coded and extremely detailed notes on each bullet point of the specification.
Tables analysing the conservative and labour economic policies and their successes and failures.
Essay plan on how far there was a post war economic consensus in Britain 1964.
Detailed essay plan on how successf...
INDEX
-inc= increased
Economic developments 1945-64: -bc=because
mobilisation of resources in wartime; Esp=especially
• post-war boom Stds= standards
• balance of payments issues and 'stop-go' policies Contd= continued
• changes to British industry and trade Red= limitations
• new technology Green= change
Blue= evidence/ stats
• What were the Labour and Conservative Economic policies? (successes/failures
and similarities/differences)
• The British economy was in constant crisis between 1931 and 1951’ Assess the
validity of this view
• · How successful was the British economy in the years 1945 to 1964? MEASURE BY
unemployment, wage levels, inflation and productivity.
• · How successful were government policies in tackling post war economic problems
1945-1964?
• · How far was there a post war economic consensus in Britain 1964?
mobilisati on of resources in warti me;
FACTS:
-emergency powers act 1939.
-tremendous shipping losses, school meals, cheap milk, vitamins for pregnant
Conscription mandatory 1841 later extended to 51
Priority to imports of raw materials and machinery
, Increased home food production- dig for victory campaign huge rise in home grown veg in
back gardens
Key ppl:
Lord Woolton: ministry of food = rationing
Bevin- Ministry of Labour- industrial conscription for men and women Bevin boys
workforce increased by 2m , 4.5m in armed forces, improved wages + morale- BBC
lunchtime entertainment
ANALYSIS:-
Change Continuity
-Bevin contribution to the war effort coal industry still main source of B’s fuel
changed public perceptions = labour and power. Problem bc makes economy
politicians can be trusted with power vulnerable to U-boat attacks + rely on oil
-New production methods to raise output when decreased output & productivity. coal
and save labour mines lack modern machines- dangerous
-Greater use of science = improve efficiency and inefficient
of economy + new warfare techniques
The British economy was in constant crisis between 1931 and 1951’ Assess the validity of
this view
Key problems in 1945:
· Enormous debts after the war- inc rationing- bankrupt end of lend lease agreement= austerity
.before war- gold reserves close to £1bn decreased to £3m in 1945
. infrastructure damage
· Massive expenditure on overseas commitments (foreign and imperial commitments, armed
forces, overseas bases, colonies, Cold War, West Berlin – Berlin Airlift 1948-49, NATO 1949, large
scale rearmament 1951 – Korean War, 1947 ‘winter crisis’ – GB told US they couldn’t afford to
support Greece and Turkey and have to withdraw from Palestine, led to Marshall Plan, 1947 –
withdrew from India, development of nuclear weapon 1950s/ 60s – controversial)
3) P Trade disrupted after war bc:
E 1. Militarisation of economy- exports disrupted & directed to building arms. 2) British shipping
damaged by German U-Boats. 3) Many European and Asian countries that bought British exports had
been devastated- loss of markets= US manufacturers dominate
E Effects- British economy contracted by ¼ and trade declined 2/3 and British pound’s value
decreased which intensified rationing
4) 1946/47 winter fuel crisis-
country partially paralysed by Severe snow and ice, coal stocks depleted as railway w vital coal
supplies to power stations halted – led to people using electric fires which put the national grid
under strain + massive inc in death rates.
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