CMSRN Exam Prep 2021-2022: A Medical
Surgical Nursing Study Guide with Test Bank
what type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and
leads to decreased serum sodium concentration? - dilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia - edema, confusion, weight gain
treatment of dilutional hyponatremia - fluid restriction
what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? - true hyponatremia
symptoms of hypocalcemia - chvosteks, trousseaus, laryngospasm, tingling in
fingers/toes/lips, coagulopathy
treatment of hypocalcemia - increased intake, vitamin D, IV calcium gluconate,
phosphate binding antacids
sign of hypocalcemia that causes twitching of face if you tap the front of the ear? -
chvosteks sign
sign of hypocalcemia that causes carpal tunnel/turning in of hands? - trousseaus sign
, normal level of phosphate - 3-4.5
symptoms of this electrolyte imbalance are opposite of calcium since it has an inverse
relationship - phosphate
Normal level of magnesium - 1.3-2.1
Normal level of sodium - 135-145
normal level of potassium - 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
symptoms of hypermagnesemia - poor renal excretion, muscular depression
symptoms of hypomagnesemia - Hyperactive deep tissue reflexes, tremors, seizures,
cardiac arrhythmia, confusion (resembles hypocalcemia)
treatment for hypermagnesemia - calcium gluconate
what is serum osmolality? - how thick solution is
what does it mean if serum osmolality is high? - the patient is dry
what type of solution is NS, LR? - isotonic
what does an isotonic solution do? - expands blood volume
increases blood pressure if dehydrated
has same osmolarity as our cells
can cause electrolyte increase
what type of solution is D5LR, D5NS? - hypertonic
what does a hypertonic solution do? - Pulls fluid into the intravascular space from
tissue, do NOT give if dehydrated
what type of solution is 1/2 NS, 1/4 NS? - hypotonic
what does a hypotonic solution do? - contain less solute than our cells
used for cellular hydration
has more water than electrolytes
given after surgery due to dehydration
What organ metabolizes most nutrients? - liver
gallbladder location - RUQ
appendix location - RLQ
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