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MCAT UPDATED TEST BANK(COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

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MCAT UPDATED TEST BANK(COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS) Cell Theory Correct Answer: -all living things composed of cells -cell=basic functional unit of life -cells from other cells only -cells have DNA (parent-->daughter cells) magnification Correct Answer: increase size resolution ...

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  • July 6, 2022
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MCAT UPDATED TEST BANK(COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS)
Cell Theory Correct Answer: -all living things composed of cells
-cell=basic functional unit of life
-cells from other cells only
-cells have DNA (parent-->daughter cells)

magnification Correct Answer: increase size

resolution Correct Answer: differentiate close objects

eyepiece magnification Correct Answer: 10x

objective magnification Correct Answer: 4x,10x,20x, 100x

total magnification Correct Answer: eyepiece x objective

diaphragm (microscope) Correct Answer: controls light
image contrast

hematoxylin Correct Answer: -commonly used dye
-shows nucleic acids (DNA,RNA)

how does the dye hematoxylin show nucleic acids? Correct Answer: binds to the negative sugar-
phosphate backbone

phase contrast microscope Correct Answer: -living organisms
-differences in refractive indices among different subcellular structures

electron microscope Correct Answer: -atomic level
-samples must be sliced thinly and impregnated with heavy metals for contrast

prokaryotes Correct Answer: before nuclei (no nuclei)

eukaryotes Correct Answer: after nuclei

types of prokaryotes Correct Answer: bacteria and blue-green algae

prokaryote characteristics Correct Answer: -unicellular
-no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
-cell wall in all
-ability to carry other pieces of DNA

What type of genetic material is present within prokaryotes? Correct Answer: -single circle molecule of
DNA

,-within nucleoid region

plasmids Correct Answer: -circular DNA
-small
-few genes
-replicate independently

cocci Correct Answer: spherical bacteria

bacilli Correct Answer: rod-shaped bacteria

how do antibacterials work? Correct Answer: tend to attack bacterial specific structures

Eukaryote characteristics Correct Answer: -protists, fungi, plants, and animals
-cell walls in fungi and plants
-nucleus
-unicellular or multicellular

cytoskeleton proteins Correct Answer: -actin filaments
-intermediate filaments
-microtubules

Smallest cytoskeleton proteins Correct Answer: actin filaments

largest cytoskeleton proteins Correct Answer: microtubules

phospholipid bilayer Correct Answer: -hydrophobic nonpolar tail
-hydrophilic polar head
-cholesterol molecules

purpose of cholesterol in phospholipid bilayer Correct Answer: regulate fluidity

transport proteins Correct Answer: -control entry/exit
-polar molecules and ions allowed through

cell adhesion molecule purpose Correct Answer: -CAMs
-allow cells to recognize each other
-proper cell differentiation and development

nucleus membrane Correct Answer: -double membrane
-nuclear membrane/envelope

purpose of nucleolus Correct Answer: ribosomal RNA synthesized (rRNA)

Ribosomes Correct Answer: -protein production
-free and bound types

Endoplasmic Reticulum Correct Answer: -production and sorting of materials from cell

,smooth ER purpose Correct Answer: lipid synthesis and detox drugs/poisons

rough ER purpose Correct Answer: protein production

Golgi structure Correct Answer: membrane bound sacs

golgi purpose Correct Answer: -receives from smooth ER
-repackages to cell surface via secretory vescicles

lysosomes Correct Answer: -'garbage dumps'
-receives from endosomes
-uses hydrolytic enzymes at lowered pH
-break down materials
-remove old cell components and replace
-can cause autolysis

autolysis Correct Answer: cell suicide

mitochondria Correct Answer: powerhouse
-2 layers
-semi-autonomous
-inherited only from the mother

2 layers of mitochondria Correct Answer: outer-walls
inner-electron transport chain

what is the purpose of cristae on mitochondria? Correct Answer: increase surface area

semi-autonomous Correct Answer: own genes
-replicate independently

types of microbodies Correct Answer: -peroxisomes
-glyoxysomes

peroxisomes Correct Answer: -create hydrogen peroxide
-break down fats
-catalyze detox

glyoxysomes Correct Answer: -germinating plants
-convert fats to sugars

chloroplasts Correct Answer: -in plants and algae
-powerhouse
-contain chlorophyll
-generation of energy
-own DNA

, plant cell wall composition Correct Answer: cellulose

fungi cell wall composition Correct Answer: chitin

animal cell wall composition Correct Answer: no cell wall!!

centrioles Correct Answer: -specialized microtubules
-spindle formation
-no membrane
-in animals not in plants

microfilaments Correct Answer: -rods of actin
-muscular contraction with interaction with myosin
-movement of materials within cell membrane

microtubules Correct Answer: -hollow
-polymers of tubulin
-throughout cell
-transport and structural support
-structural basis for cilia and flagella

intermediate fillaments Correct Answer: integrity of cytoskeleton

osmosis Correct Answer: -water movement
-low solute to high solute

hypotonic solution Correct Answer: -solute inside of cell greater than surrounding
-causes cell to swell

hypertonic solution Correct Answer: -solute inside of cell less than surrounding

What types of materials are impermeable to membrane? Correct Answer: -large
-polar
-charged

pinocytosis Correct Answer: endocytosis of fluids and small particles

phagocytosis Correct Answer: ingestion of large molecules

Molecules through simple diffusion Correct Answer: -small
-nonpolar
-e.g. O2, CO2

Molecules through facilitated diffusion Correct Answer: -large
-nonpolar
-e.g. glucose

Molecules through active transport Correct Answer: -polar

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