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Population Policies
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Interview of 2 pages for the course Geography at GCSE (Population Policies)
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Population PoliciesPopulation policy encompasses all of the measures taken by a government aimed
influencing population size, growth, distribution, or composition. Such policies may
promote large families or immigration to increase population size (pro-natalist policies)
or encourage fewer births to reduce population growth (anti-natalist policies).
A population policy may also aim to modify the distribution of the population over the
country by encouraging migration or by displacing populations.
Pro-natalist Policy: A policy that encourages couples to have more children. You
cannot force people to have more children, so you have to offer incentives instead
e.g., free childcare or even money. Governments may have a pro-natalist policy if they
have a declining population and a shortage of young dependents (low birth rates and
fertility rates). A government cannot force couples to have more children,so instead it
must offer incentives. Incentives include:
• Cash payments
• Free or subsidised healthcare
• Free or subsidised education
• Free nurseries or subsidised childcare.
• Reduced tax rates
• Child benefits e.g., weekly, or monthly payments
• Free equipment e.g., pushchairs, cots or even washing machines.
• Poster and advertising campaigns
• Pension schemes for mothers or housewives.
Case Study: Singapore's Pro-natalist Policy
Singapore is a developed country in SE Asia with a population of about 5 million
people. For many years, the Singaporean government has believed that Singapore is
underpopulated and has tried to increase its population. Singapore has one of the
lowest total fertility rates in the world, standing at 1.1, which is well below the
replacement rate of 2.1. Already 36% of the Singapore population is made up of
foreign nationals and in some sectors like industry, 80% of the workers are foreign.
To overcome worker shortages, the Singapore government has encouraged
immigration, but it is also trying to increase the population through raising birth rates.
The government is doing this in a number of ways. It has increased maternity leave
by 50% to 12 weeks, and it will cover the cost of maternity leave (the cost to the
parents, employers) for the first four babies. The Singapore government is also
increasing child benefits paid to families. The government will pay money into a special
bank account of up to nearly $1000 for six years. The Singapore government has also
sponsored dating organisations to encourage people to get married earlier and start
having children.
If Singapore's policies are not successful it will become increasingly dependent on
foreign workers, gradually see an increase in the dependency ratio and ultimately
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