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IB Biology - Unit 1: Cell Biology part 1 (straight 7)

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I made these notes with the help of my teacher and obtained 96% (straight 7) on my final IB examinations thanks to these incredibly well-organized and clear notes that include diagrams, images, colours, and much more and exactly match what you will be asked on your IB biology exam. Also contains so...

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  • July 7, 2022
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Ultrastructure of cells:

Cells are generally very small and are invisible without a microscope. Eukaryotic cells vary between
10 and 100 μm in diameter, while prokaryotic cells range from 0.1 to 5.0 μm in diameter.


Main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are:

● Prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus
● In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomes are bigger, more complex and bound by a membrane (80S
vs 70S)
● Compared to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells only have 1 chromosome (humans have 23)

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Type of Cell Always unicellular Unicellular and multi-cellular

Cell size Ranges in size from 0.2 μm – Size ranges from 10 μm –
2.0 μm in diameter 100 μm in diameter

Cell wall Usually present; chemically When present, chemically
complex in nature simple in nature

Nucleus Absent. Instead, they have a Present
nucleoid region in the cell

Ribosomes Present. Smaller in size and Present. Comparatively larger
spherical in shape in size and linear in shape

DNA arrangement Circular Linear

Mitochondria Absent Present

Cytoplasm Present, but cell organelles Present, cell organelles
absent present

Endoplasmic reticulum Absent Present

Plasmids Present Very rarely found in
eukaryotes

Ribosome Small ribosomes Large ribosomes

, Lysosome Lysosomes and centrosomes Lysosomes and centrosomes
are absent are present

Cell division Through binary fission Through mitosis

Flagella The flagella are smaller in size The flagella are larger in size

Reproduction Asexual Both asexual and sexual

Example Bacteria and Archaea Plant and Animal cell




Figure 1. Generalised prokaryotic cell.




● Spaghetti: 1 big chromosome
● Bacteria cells don’t have nucleus
● Bacterial flagellum do not have microtubules
● Pili function is to attach to other surface

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