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Summary of Motivation
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Summary of motivational theories
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Motivation revisionWHAT IS MOTIVATION?
- Motivation is the range of factors influencing people to behave in a
certain way
- Motivation is the will to work
Comes from enjoyment of work itself and/or from desire to
achieve certain goals e.g., earning more money or achieving a
promotion
- Methods available to motivate employees:
Financial methods
Non-financial methods
MAYO’S HUMAN RELATIONS THEORY:
- Workers are not just concerned with money but could be better
motivated by having their social needs met
- May concluded that workers are best motivated by:
Better communication between managers and workers
Greater manager involvement in employees working lives
Working in groups or teams
- The Hawthorne Experiments:
Mayo isolates two groups of women workers and studies the effect on their
productivity levels by changing various incentives, such as lighting and working
conditions
What he discovered surprised him: whatever the change in lighting or working
conditions, the productivity levels of the workers improved or stayed the same
TAYLOR’S THEORY OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT:
- Workers do not naturally enjoy work and so need close supervision and control
- Therefore, managers should break down production into a series of smaller tasks
- Workers are then paid according to the number of items they produce in a set period
- Widely adopted as businesses saw the benefits of increased productivity and lower
unit costs
- Taylor’s approach has close links with the concept of autocratic management style
- However, workers soon come to dislike Taylor’s approach as they were only given
boring, repetitive tasks
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