Unit 2 SCLY2 - Education with Research Methods; Health with Research Methods
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AQA A-LEVEL SOCIOLOGY NOTES ON EDUCATION WITH ACTIVE RECALL QUESTIONS(ENTIRE SPEC COVERED)
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Unit 2 SCLY2 - Education with Research Methods; Health with Research Methods
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AQA
These notes cover the entire education spec with all 5 topics covered e.g education policy, gender etc. They got me an A as I incorporated active recall questions for each question which is also included with the notes(between 30 and 50 active recall questions per topic)
Unit 2 SCLY2 - Education with Research Methods; Health with Research Methods
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Education Sociology Revision
Class differences in achievement (external)
Active recall:
Add sociologists and study questions
Explaining class differences
1. What percentage of Britain’s children attend private schools?
2. What percentage of entrants to Oxford and Cambridge come from
private schools?
3. Define and give an example of:
a. Internal factors
b. External factors
Cultural differences
1. According to cultural deprivation theorists, why do many
working-class children underachieve in education?
2. Explain how language may affect class differences in achievement.
Refer to Bernstein, Hubbs tait et al study etc
3. Explain 4 ways parent’s education my affect class differences in
achievement
4. Explain how working-class subculture may affect class differences
in achievement by Barry sugarman
5. State three criticisms of cultural deprivation theory
-keddie -culturally different rather then dripribed
-troyner-problem is not child's language but schools attitudes
towards it ,labelling due to speech hierarchy-better english
teachers think better grades
-sociologist critique that w.c parents are not involved child's
education saying they are but can't come to all of the events
Material deprivation
1. Define material deprivation.
2. Briefly explain in your own words how the following material factors
may lead to underachievement. Note any relevant studies.
a. Housing
b. Diet and health Howard Marilyn
c. Financial support and the cost of education bull
, d. Fear of debt calendar and Jackson
Cultural capital
How may economic capital lead to cultural capital
How may cultural capital lead to education capital
Most sociologists use parental occupations to determine pupils social class:
- Working class or manual occupations
- Skilled
- Semi skilled
- Unskilled
- Middle class
- White collar and blue collar jobs
Parents with higher professions have far more economic and cultural capital, aware of how
to help their children, through schooling or even homework.
- Material deprivation
- Catchment areas
- choice / open enrolment
In 2018 50% got 5-9’s in English and maths from all backgrounds however, 25% PP of
disadvantaged pupils achieved this grade.
To even resit - funding is needed to re take
Private Schools -
- 7% of the population attend private schools
- However a small majority attend cambridge and oxford (only half are from private
schools)
- Cream skimming of MC students, silt shifting WC students - bartlett
Cultural deprivation
Material deprivation
Cultural capital
internal factors - setting/streaming, labelling-inside school
External factors - material deprivation, home-outside of school
Context bound - you have to be present to know
Context free - you don't have to be there
External factors:-two types
-Material deprivation
, ● Diet and health
● Housing
● Fear of debt
● Costs of education
-culture deprivation
● Language
● Working sub cultures
● Parent education
LANGUAGE-cultural deprivation
-elaborative code-better interview and personal statements-helps with universities and
jobs-middle class pupils -context free(good grammar and language and description)
-restrictive code-limited language for interviews-struggle with unis,hard to read
exams-working class students-context bound(limited grammar and language,lack of
description)
Sociologist to back this-Hubs et al 2002-found that when parents use challenging language
that makes kids evaluate their own understanding their thinking intellect improves -done with
middle class
Can also mention Leon Feinstien 2008-middle class have more advantage
-policy to counter this: operation headstart
● Taught literacy via tv for w/class EG sesame street
Parents education - cultural deprivation
privation
Leon Feinstein argues parents' own education is a more important factor affecting children's
achievement.
- Middle class attitudes towards teachers = they form better relationships with teachers
as they have a broader understanding of school prospectus/learning
- Working class attitudes towards teachers = Wc parents dont have the ability and may
cause a communication gap, not entirely understanding their child's learning.
Sociologist to back this-Douglas 1964 w/class parents place less value on education
Policy to compensate:operation headstart
● Improved parenting skills
● Planned to help education in poorer areas
Parental style - cultural deprivation
- Middle class attitudes towards homework = Mc parents emphasise and believe the
importance of hw, helping their child
- Working class attitudes towards homework = They don't have the capacity to help or
teach their kids.
, - Middle class education outside of school = Read, teach educationalise games
- Working class education outside of school = tend to let children play video games etc
Sociologist to back this-Leon Feinstinen 2008-middle class have more advantage
Policy to compensate:operation headstart
● Aimed to develop skills and motivate kids
Parents educational behaviour - cultural deprivation
- Middle class attitudes towards educational resources= Are able to provide revision
guides and books to ensure their children do well
- Working class attitudes towards educational resources = dont have economic capital
to provide, their children are disadvantaged
Sociologist to back this-Leon Feinstinen 2008-middle class have more advantage
Policy to compensate-operation headstart
● Improves parenting skills
● Set up nursery classes
Better educated parents have a direct correlation with better results - marxism
Working class subcultures-cultural deprivation
Working class subcultures - w/class have different goals and values from rest of
society
-middle class believe that you can change your position through your own efforts and
have emphasis on planning in the future
Barry sugar man - believed that there were 4 things that caused working class to
underachieve
Fatalism: “Whatever will be, will be''. Believing in fate rather than how you can change your
position.
Collectivism: Value being part of a group
Immediate gratification: Seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices, the middle
class follow deferred gratification.
Policy to compensate:operation head start
● First providing attitudes and values needed
● Taught values needed for education achievement-importance of
literacy,numeracy etc
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