7.4.2. Affirmative action as “reverse discrimination” ....................................... 39
7.4.3. Duties of designated employers ........................................................... 41
7.5. Commission for Employment Equity ........................................................... 42
7.6. Monitoring, enforcement and legal proceedings.......................................... 42
7.7. Protection of employee rights ...................................................................... 42
7.8. General provisions ...................................................................................... 43
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1. Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases
At common law an employee who has sustained injuries on duty are not provided with
any security or benefits. The only recourse which the employee has is to institute
action against his employer for compensation. The first Act to broaden the common
law position was the Workmen’s Compensation Act of 1941. In 1994 the
Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act 130 of 1993 (COIDA) came
into operation and repealed the Workmen’s Compensation Act.
COIDA provides for the payment of compensation in respect of occupational injuries,
death as a result of such injuries, and occupational diseases. COIDA requires that the
injury must have been caused by an accident “arising out of and in the course of the
employment”. COIDA also extended the definition of an employee and removed the
exclusion applicable to employees earning more than a specified income per year.
However, compensation to such employees is still calculated as if they receive the
specified maximum annual income.
Earnings of an employee is defined as the monthly rate at which an employee was
being remunerated by his employer at the time of the accident and includes the value
of food and quarters supplied by the employer, as well as any overtime payment or
special remuneration in cash or in kind of a regular nature or for work ordinarily
performed. Excluded are the following: any payment for intermittent overtime; payment
for non-recurrent occasional services; amounts paid by an employer to his employee
to cover special expenses; and ex gratia payments either by the employer or another
person.
1.1. Application of COIDA
The majority of employees enjoy the protection of COIDA. An employee is defined as
a person who has entered into or works under a contract of employment with an
employer. It also includes apprenticeships, learnerships, casual employees, directors
or members of a body corporate who entered into a contract of service (or apprentices
or learners of a body corporate) and persons provided by a labour broker. The
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