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Zusammenfassung Seminar H2 Wahrnehmung
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Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Psychology Perception 2.4 Course Summary (Lectures NOT included)
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Summary of Foundations of Sensations and Perception
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,Grundlagen der visuellen Wahrnehmung .......................................................................................................... 4General Principles (Kap. 1) .................................................................................................................................. 4
Wahrnehmungsschwelle ................................................................................................................................ 5
Wahrnehmungsausmaß ................................................................................................................................. 5
Stevens‘sche Potenzfunktion ......................................................................................................................... 5
Wahrnehmungsadaptation ............................................................................................................................ 6
Methoden der kognitiven Neurowissenschaft ............................................................................................... 7
Übertragung von Information ........................................................................................................................ 8
Plastizität ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
Computational Neuroscience ....................................................................................................................... 11
The physics of vision (Kap. 6) ............................................................................................................................ 13
Das Auge ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
Eigenschaften der Photorezeptoren ............................................................................................................ 19
Physiologie (Kap. 7)........................................................................................................................................... 23
Retina ........................................................................................................................................................... 26
Photorezeptoren .......................................................................................................................................... 27
Schaltkreise der Netzhaut ............................................................................................................................ 28
Räumliche, spektrale und zeitliche Reaktionseigenschaften der Ganglien-Zelltypen .................................. 30
Sehbahn ........................................................................................................................................................ 32
Visueller Kortex ............................................................................................................................................ 34
Extrastriatischer Kortex ................................................................................................................................ 38
Farbwahrnehmung (Kap. 8) ............................................................................................................................ 40
Mischen von Farbpigmenten ............................................................................................................................ 40
Das CIE-Chromatic-Diagramm .......................................................................................................................... 42
Trichromacy theory (Dreifarbentheorie): ......................................................................................................... 44
Dual-Process Theory (Gegenprozesstheorie) ................................................................................................... 44
Farbinteraktionen ............................................................................................................................................. 45
Farbadaptation ................................................................................................................................................. 46
Farbkonstanz .................................................................................................................................................... 47
Kortikale Physiologie......................................................................................................................................... 47
Achromatopsie (Farbfehlsichtigkeit) ................................................................................................................ 47
Subzessivkontrast ............................................................................................................................................. 48
Farbwahrnehmung, zusammengefasst: ........................................................................................................... 49
Raumwahrnehmung (Kap. 9) .......................................................................................................................... 51
Fundamentale Funktionen................................................................................................................................ 51
Photopisches und skotopisches Sehen ......................................................................................................... 51
Dunkeladaptation ......................................................................................................................................... 51
Sensitivität von Raumkontrasten ................................................................................................................. 52
, Durch was wird die Form der CSF beeinflusst? ............................................................................................ 53
Zeitliche Kontrastsensitivität ........................................................................................................................ 53
Räumlich-zeitliche-Sensitivität ..................................................................................................................... 55
Gründe für die Variation in räumlich-zeitlicher-Sensitivität......................................................................... 56
Repräsentation bei multiplen räumlichen Maßstäben ................................................................................ 57
Multiple räumliche Filter im visuellen System ............................................................................................. 58
Psychophysikalische Beweise für multiple räumliche Filter ......................................................................... 59
Adaptation ........................................................................................................................................................ 60
Über-Schwellenwert Messungen ................................................................................................................. 60
Maskierungen ................................................................................................................................................... 60
Nützlichkeit von räumlichen Filtern .................................................................................................................. 61
Eigenschafts-Lokalisation ............................................................................................................................. 61
Die Wichtigkeit von Kanten .......................................................................................................................... 61
Erklärung für Hyper-Acuity ........................................................................................................................... 63
Block quantization effects: ........................................................................................................................... 64
Texturanalyse ............................................................................................................................................... 64
Scene gist / Kernpunkt der Szene ................................................................................................................. 64
Objektwahrnehmung (Kap. 10)....................................................................................................................... 67
Three-Stages Model .......................................................................................................................................... 67
Gestaltgestze .................................................................................................................................................... 67
Figur-Grund-Trennung (Segmentierung) ...................................................................................................... 68
Bewegungs- und Tiefenbasierte Segmentierung ......................................................................................... 68
Symbolische Segmentierung ........................................................................................................................ 68
Gesetz der Geschlossenheit ......................................................................................................................... 68
SURFACE PARSING ........................................................................................................................................ 69
CROWDING ................................................................................................................................................... 70
Objektrepräsentation ....................................................................................................................................... 70
Neuronale Basis der Objektrepräsentation .................................................................................................. 72
Wahrnehmung einer Szene .............................................................................................................................. 72
Biologie auditiver Reize (Kap. 4) ..................................................................................................................... 74
Laute als physische Stimuli ............................................................................................................................... 74
Einfache Laute .............................................................................................................................................. 75
Komplexe Laute ............................................................................................................................................ 76
Fourier-Theorie ................................................................................................................................................. 77
Physiologie des auditorischen Systems ............................................................................................................ 80
Äußeres Ohr ................................................................................................................................................. 80
Mittleres Ohr ................................................................................................................................................ 81
Inneres Ohr ................................................................................................................................................... 82
Aufsteigende auditorische Bahn .................................................................................................................. 87
, Auditorischer Kortex .................................................................................................................................... 90
Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................................................................ 93
Psychoakustisches Glossar................................................................................................................................ 95
Wahrnehmung von auditorischen Reizen (Kap. 5) .......................................................................................... 97
Wahrnehmung von Lautstärke ......................................................................................................................... 97
Anpassung der Lautstärke ............................................................................................................................ 97
Skalierung der Lautstärke in Abhängigkeit von Intensität ............................................................................ 97
Modelle der Wahrnehmung von Lautstärke ................................................................................................ 98
Wahrnehmung von Tonhöhen .......................................................................................................................... 98
Frequenzselektivität ..................................................................................................................................... 98
Frequenzdiskriminierung ............................................................................................................................ 100
Theorien der Wahrnehmung von Tonhöhen .............................................................................................. 100
Lokalisation von Richtung und Entfernung ..................................................................................................... 101
Lokalisation in der horizontalen Ebene ...................................................................................................... 101
Lokalisation in der vertikalen Ebene .......................................................................................................... 102
Gruppierung von Lauten ............................................................................................................................ 102
Entfernung .................................................................................................................................................. 102
Wahrnehmung von Sprache ........................................................................................................................... 103
Sprachmodus .............................................................................................................................................. 103
Physiologie der Sprachwahrnehmung ........................................................................................................ 104
Analyse der auditorischen Situation........................................................................................................... 106
Hörstörungen .................................................................................................................................................. 106
Leitungsschwerhörigkeit ............................................................................................................................ 107
Zentrale Hörstörung ................................................................................................................................... 107
Auditive Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsstörung (CAPD) ................................................................... 108
Tinnitus ....................................................................................................................................................... 108
Multisensorische Wahrnehmung (Kap. 13) ................................................................................................... 109
Beweise für die multisensorische Verarbeitung ............................................................................................. 110
Objekterkennung ........................................................................................................................................ 111
Die neuronalen Grundlagen für multisensorische Verarbeitung .................................................................... 111
Neurologische Erklärungen............................................................................................................................. 112
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