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Fiche regulation de la gametogenèse
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Fiche sur le cours de régulation de la gametogenèse en biocellulaire en PASS à l'uB en a partir de mes notes de cours et du cours d'une prépa
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BiocellulaireRégulation hormonale de la gamétogenèse
I. Régulation endocrine spermatogenèse
Dépend du développement testiculaire :
● pré natal et pré puberté : action gonadotrophines sur Sertoli qui se multiplie comme
les spermatogonies
● après puberté : action GnRH pulsatile déclenche spermatogenèse et maturation
Sertoli
Stimuli environnementaux → SNC → hypothalamus
→ GnRH (pulsatile) → cellules gonadotropes de
l’antéhypophyse → gonadotrophines : FSH et LH →
testicules
FSH → Sertoli → activine → rétrocontrôle positif
↓
inhibine → rétrocontrôle négatif
LH → Leydig → testostérone → rétrocontrôle négatif
Pathologies :
● Hypogonadisme hypogonadotrope : perturbation entre hypophyse et gonade, FSH
et LH n’agissent pas et rétrocontrôle perturbé = taux gonadotrophines bas
● Hypogonadisme hypergonadotrope : spermatogenèse déficiente (testicule déficient)
pour causes toxiques, environnementales, chromosomiques, idiopathiques (ex :
mutation récepteur) et absence rétrocontrôle = FSH et LH élevé
15% des couples consultent pour difficulté à procréer et ⅓ homme est responsable
infertilité.
❖ Infertilité obstructive : production spermatozoïdes normale mais tractus bouché
❖ Infertilité non obstructive = sécrétoire : atteinte spermatogenèse
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