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Executive Summary Global Development
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Extensive lecture summary box migration / development & global migration
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Migration – Hoorcollege 1:Migration transforms society:
- Politics of migration, Economics of migration, Humane side of migration,
Governance/control of migration, Multi-scalar migration, Gendered migrations.
Growth in Global North Skilled Migration Remittances Development!
Multi-scalar migration:
- Rural to Urban, Urban to Urban, Crossing regional borders, Crossing
international borders, Inter-company transfers and Mobile workspaces.
Earlier mostly men migrated but increasingly more women migrate, women who are
often more exploited in low paying jobs but still the numbers are increasing.
Migration – Hoorcollege 2:
Migration as a permanent change in daily activity
space?
Permanent? How to deal with second homes or
Students?
Mobility: a permanent change in place of residence
that doesn’t result in a change in daily activity
space.
Practical definitions of migration:
- Change in place of residence
- From 1 period to the next (migration interval)
- Crossing administrative boundaries
But there are some limitations:
- Short moves just across an administrative boundary.
- Long moves within an administrative boundary
- It misses return/onward migration
You can get your data out of (school) censuses, population
registers, surveys or even from new sources like big data
(Twitter, GPS etc.)
International migration: move across an national border
But different cultures, languages, legal systems etc. have to be taken in account
, Ravenstein’s Laws of migration:
1. Most migrant move only a short
distance because it’s expensive, cost
increase with distance, migrant have
more information about places nearby,
and are afraid to lose connection with
their place of origin.
2. Migration takes place in steps (onward
migration) sort of vacancy chain is
important new migrant fill up the
dwellings of migrant who migrated to
the next step.
3. Each migration flow produces a
compensating counter flow because return migration and
people from the host country get to know the home
country of the migrant and are attracted to it.
4. Long distance migrants generally go to one of the great centers of commerce
and industry.
5. Natives of towns are less migratory than those from rural areas
6. Economic factors are the main cause of migration
7. Females are more migratory than men (less true today but highlight the
aspect of migration that migrants are (self)
selected.
Rational Choice theory is a utilitarian explanation
for individual behavior that underlies much of
economics and sociology
- Humans are purposive and goal oriented
- Humans have sets of hierarchically ordered
preferences, or utilities
In choosing lines of behavior, humans make rational
calculations with respect to:
- the utility of (constrained/limited) alternatives
with reference to their preference hierarchy
- the best way to maximize utility
but assumes that individual has full information and
ignores social structure and individualize decision
making!
Place Utility is the value that an individual attributes
to living in a place relative to other places
- Personal preferences for employment and
housing opportunities
- Personal preferences for proximity to friends
and family
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