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SOCIAL INFLUENCE ESSAY PLANSOBEDIENCE –MILGRAM'S RESEARCH
AO1 AO3
-Wanted to find out as to why the german -LOW INTERNAL VALIDITY - (bad) ORNE AND
population was acceptable of the holocaust –was HOLLAND said that ppts guessed that the shocks
it because of their conformity to people in were not real which could have affected the
authority. Therefore, he wanted to study outcome of the study- this is emphasized by Gina
obedience. perry listening to the tapes of the study and said
-Recruited 40 males through ads- they were that many ppts expressed concerns over the
between 20 to 50 years old – and they were given validity of the shocks. However, sheridan and
4.50 to take part – when they got to the lab, king did a study with real shocks given to puppys
there was a rigged draw where the learner was and 55% of men and 100% delivered the full
always the confederate, and the teacher was the shock.
volunteer. Ppts were told they could leave at any -GOOD EXTERNAL VALIDITY – it was conducted in
a lab however milgram said that this was
time.
reflective of the relationships that people have
-THE PROCEDURE – the learner was strapped to a
with authority figures. Hofling et al confirmed this
chair with electrodes stuck to the body and the by demonstrating this through nurses whereby a
teacher was told to ask them questions- if they doctor called them telling them to give medicine
got any wrong, they were to shock them. For to a patient – this medicine had not been given
every question they got wrong, they could before – they were not allowed. 21/22 nurses did
increase the frequency of the shock. The shock so.
frequency ranged from 15v to 450v. In the - le jeu de la mort – french reality tv show - did a
intense shock, which was the 300v the learner replication of the milgram study. 80% delivered
pounded on the door – there was sometimes no the full 460v. Good replicability.
answer to which the experimenter said no
answer should be treated as a wrong answer. The
experimenter used a sequence of prods that
were repeated if necessary – please go on, the
experiment requires you to go on.
FINDINGS- No ppt stopped below 300 v 12.5%
stopped at 300volts. 65% continued onto 450v.
QD – teachers were showing signs of severe
distress. - lip biting shaking. Prior to this, 14 psch
students predicted that no more than 3% would
continue to 450.
SITUATIONAL VARIABLES
A01 A03
After his research into obedience, he conducted RESEARCH SUPPORT – BICKMAN – NYC – asked 3
included several variations to determine whether confederates to dress in 3 different outfits-
it increases or decreases obedience. milkman, jacket and tie and security guard. The
-PROXIMITY – in the original study, the learner confederates asked the public to perform tasks
and the teacher were in in different rooms such as picking up litter. It was found that the
, however in the proximity variation, they were public was most likely to be obedient to the
placed in the same room. More dramatic confed in a security guard outfit because he
variation – the teacher had to force the learner’s resembled a person of authority. Therefore,
hand onto the electroplate if they refused to do proves the situational variation.
so. Obedience rate dropped 30% and when the
experimenter and gave instructions to the -LACK OF INTERNAL VALIDITY
teacher via phone, the 0obedience rate dropped Orne and Holland – the members figured out the
further. 20.5% study and the aims of it and even milgram said
the study was so contrived esp when an audience
LOCATION- changed the location of the study member took over hence the ppts figured out the
from a prestigious building to a run down truth. It is unclear why the results are what they
building. Obedience rate dropped 47.5% are.
compared to the 65% that it had.
CROSS CULTURAL REPLICATIONS
UNIFORM – in the original study the -A general strength is that the study has been
experimenter wore a grey lab coat to symbolise replicated across cultures and the findings have
authority however in the variation, the usually been supportive of milgram’s findings.
experimenter was called away to attend a Miranda et al found an obedience rate of 90%
telephone and a random member of the amongst Spanish students which shows that
audience took over. Obedience rate fell 20% the milgram’s findings are not limited to just the
lowest it could have been. American males.
OBEDIENCE – SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
AO1 AO3
-Milgram studied the obedience in relationship to Blass and Schmitt showed a film of milgram’s
the Nazi party’s unification in the Holocaust, study to students and asked them to identify who
every member beneath Hitler was accepting of was to blame for the harm that was causes
the mass genocide and Milgram points out that between the experimenter and the teacher mr
this is because of the person thinking that they Wallace. They blamed the experimenter as they
have no responsibility over their own actions said that the experimenter had legitimate
rather they are acting for someone else. This is authority and he had expert authority too. GOOD
called the AGENTIC STATE – whereby we feel no
personal responsibility for our actions as we LIMITED EXPLANATION- the agentic state does
believe ourselves to be acting in responsibility of not have an explanation for everything. It does
an authority figure. not explain why some ppts did not obey and also
does not explain the findings in hofling’s study.
AUTONOMOUS STATE: The nurses should’ve experienced tension the
This is complete opposite to being in agentic same way milgram’s ppt did but they understood
state, being autonomous is being independent. their destructive authority state.
They believe that they are in control of their own
actions. The shift from agency to autonomy is GOOD CULTURAL REPLICATION
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