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unit 1 summary essay plans psychology
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reflective of advance information essay plans
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bngh ESSAY PLANS FOR ATTACHMENTDESCRIBE AND EVALUATE INFANT CAREGIVER RELATIONSHIP
AO1 AO3
- Attachment is a two-way process - Smiling is an example of reciprocity
between two individuals where one as it triggers the other person to
sees the other as important for smile too. Tronick et al asked mums
emotional security. who had been spending their time
with their baby to stop moving and
- Reciprocity is the way in which two maintain an almost poker, blank
individuals interact, more face. The babies would smile to
specifically how the mum and the tempt the mother into smiling too.
baby interact. The mother elicits
and respond to signals to - A limitation of the study is that
eachother. Brazelton stated that there is speculation as to whether it
basic rhythms are essential is real or pseudo- Meltzoff and
precursors for later communication. moore said babies try and
Trevelthen suggested that turn intentionally mimic caregiver
taking in adult infant relationships is however piaget believes that real
important for the development of imitation happens after a year,
social and language skill, it further before it is just operant
triggers the alert phases in a baby conditioning.
where they are ready to interact.
- Isabella et al found that secure base
kids and their mum show more
- Interactional synchrony is where signs of interactional synchrony in
the mother and the baby reflect the first yr. emotionally secure
actions and behaviours in a bonds rely on synchrony.
coordinated way. Condon and
Sanders investigated interactions
between adults and infants, they
found that as early as 1st day,
neonates moved in a precise way
and synchronised with adult.
THE ROLE OF THE FATHER – SAME QUESTION AS ABOVE
, AO1 Ao3
- Schaffer and emerson found that There are inconsistent findings on the role
the first primary attachment forms of the father, normally psychologists have
at 7months and secondary emphasised upon the relationship between
attachments are formed within mum and child, neglecting the father.
weeks and or months. At 18m, an Where some have investigated, it has
attachment to the father is made, differed between primary and secondary cg
this is proved when the infant. thus, there is no real explanation as to what
Protests at the father walking away. the role of the father is.
- The role of the father- Grossman Another limitation is that if fathers have a
carried out a longitudinal study distinct role why aren’t children wo fathers
assessing parent behaviours and the any different. Grossman claimed that
quality of their attachments. Quality fathers as a secondary attach is essential
of attachment to mother and not for development however, golombrook
the father was related to the found that those living in single parent/
attachment quality in the same sex households grow up the same.
adolescent which shows that the Shows fathers aren’t important.
father is not important. However,
the quality of the father’s Fathers may not want to be pcg because of
attachment was related to the gender norms, traditionally mothers are
infant attachment which shows that attentive to babies whilst father takes care
fathers have a role that is more outside. It could also be due to the
stimulating and playful. hormones in the female, high oestrogen
means high levels of nurturing.
- Fathers can also be primary
caregivers; tiffany field filmed a
face-to-face interaction with
primary care gi mothers and second
cg fathers and primary cg fathers.
She found that pr cg father spent
time smiling and imitating the baby
just as the pcg mum.
Describe and evaluate schaffers stages of attachment
Ao1 Ao3
- S and E wanted to investigate the - Longitudinal study which shows it
early attachments and how they are has internal validity, a cross
formed sectional design across the ages
- Proc- observed 60 glaswegian would have been quicker but it
babies and mothers for 18 months . would have confounding variables
researchrs asked parents to record which the longitudinal has
everything down in a diary eg if they eliminated
left baby alone with stranger, how - Good ecological validity because it
did they act. does not lack mundane realism,
- Findings- between 25 and 32 weeks, done by parents in natural
50% of babies showed separation surroundings
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