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Introduction to Python ProgrammingCourse Notes
Phil Spector
Department of Statistics, University of California Berkeley
March 16, 2005
,2
,Contents
1 Introduction 7
1.1 What is Python? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2 The very Basics of Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3 Invoking Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4 Basic Principles of Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.4.1 Basic Core Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.4.2 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4.3 Object Oriented Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4.4 Namespaces and Variable Scoping . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.4.5 Exception Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2 String Data 17
2.1 String Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2 Special Characters and Raw Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3 Unicode Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4 String Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4.1 Concatenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4.2 Repetition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4.3 Indexing and Slicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4.4 Functions and Methods for Character Strings . . . . . 23
3 Numeric Data 29
3.1 Types of Numeric Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.1.1 Hexadecimal and Octal Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.1.2 Numeric Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.1.3 Functions for Numeric Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.2 Conversion of Scalar Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3
, 4 CONTENTS
4 Lists, Tuples and Dictionaries 37
4.1 List Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.2 List Indexing and Slicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.3 List Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.3.1 Concatenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.3.2 Repetition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.3.3 The in operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.4 Functions and Methods for Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.5 Tuple Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.6 Operators and Indexing for Tuples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.7 Functions and Methods for Tuples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.8 Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.9 Functions and Methods for Dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5 Input and Output 55
5.1 The print command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.2 Formatting Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.3 Using Names in Format Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.4 File Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.4.1 Methods for Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5.4.2 Methods for Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.4.3 “Printing” to a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.4.4 Other Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.4.5 File Object Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.5 Standard Input and Output Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
5.6 Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
6 Programming 67
6.1 Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.2 Indentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.3 Truth, Falsehood and Logical Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.4 if statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.5 for loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6.6 for loops and the range function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
6.7 while loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
6.8 Control in Loops: break and continue . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.9 List Comprehensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
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