provide an evidence-based response from clinical trials on the benefits, outcomes, and adverse drug reactions of combining anti-CD 20 monoclonal antiantibodies or with other anti-leukemic therapy like chemotherapy in adult patients with CLL. There is still a lot to learn about the best drug combina...
BMS4997 Research Project
MSc Biomedical Science (Haematology and Transfusion Science)
Date of Submission:
,Table of contents
Cover letter 1
Acknowledgement 3
Abstract 4
Introduction 5
Mechanism of action of monoclonal antibody 9
Chemotherapy for CLL 11
Chronic Lymphocytic leukaemia 15
CLL prognostic factors 17
Pathogenesis 18
Symptoms of CLL 25
Lab investigations and diagnosis 26
Complications of CLL 29
Staging of CLL 30
Aims and objectives 31
Materials and methods 32
Trail 1 34
Trial 2 36
Trial 3 38
Trial 4 40
Trial 5 42
Result
Trial 1 42
Trial 2 44
Trial 3 47
Trial 4 50
Trial 5 56
Discussion 58
Reference 63
Appendix 78
,ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, I would like to thank the Great Almighty, the author of knowledge and wisdom, for his
countless love.
I would like to thank my Supervisor Ghada Elayat for her dedicated support and guidance.
Ghada continuously encouraged and was also willing and enthusiastic in any way she could
throughout the research project. To Dr. Zhanzhong Shi the module leader, for his support
and encouragement.
Finally, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me finalize this project
within a limited time frame.
, NEW THERAPIES IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA
ABSTRACT
In Western countries, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common form of
leukaemia. The disorder most often affects the elderly and has a highly complex clinical
path. Modern cytotoxic therapies provide only a minor advantage in elderly patients, with no
increase in survival. With a deeper understanding of CLL biology, the use of targeted
treatments is becoming more popular. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies have been the
treatment of choice for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in recent decades (CLL). Antibodies
have traditionally been used in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents like fludarabine
and cyclophosphamide (FCR). With the addition of many new tailored medications to the
clinical arsenal, therapeutic results are dramatically improving. This systematic review aims
to provide an evidence-based response from clinical trials on the benefits, outcomes, and
adverse drug reactions of combining anti-CD 20 monoclonal antiantibodies or with other anti-
leukemic therapy like chemotherapy in adult patients with CLL. There is still a lot to learn
about the best drug combinations and dosage schedules for CLL. To further boost the
effectiveness of CLL therapy, it will be important to address the limitations of presently
employed anti-CD20 antibodies
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