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Summary Introduction to Organizational Psychology
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Introduction to Organizational Psychology
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ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY○ First I/O text written by Morris
INTRODUCTION TO I/O PSYCHOLOGY Viteles
● 1933
The Field of I/O Psychology ○ Hawthorne studies published
● Industrial/ organizational psychology is a ● 1937
branch of psychology that applies the ○ American Association for Applied
principles of psychology in the workplace. Psychology established
● 1945
The purpose of I/O psychology is “to enhance the ○ Society for Industrial and Business
dignity and performance of human beings, and the Psychology established as Division 14
organizations they work in, by advancing the science of the American Psychological
and knowledge of human behavior (Rucci, 2008). Association (APA) with 130 members
● 1951
What best distinguishes I/O Psychology from ○ Marion Bills was elected as the first
other fields? woman president of Division 14
● I/O Psychology examines factors that affect ● 1960
the people in an organization as opposed to ○ Division 14 renamed as Society for
the broader aspects of running an Industrial Psychology, and
organization such as marketing channels, membership exceeded 700
transportation, networks, and cast accounting. ● 1963
Research is vital to the existence of I/O ○ Equal Pay Act passed
psychology.
● I/O psychologists study, analyze, and ● 1964
comprehend human behavior in the ○ Civil Rights Act passed the first issue
workplace, mainly how businesses and of The Industrial-Organizational
individuals operate. They are trained to use Psychologist (TIP) was published.
empirical data and statistics rather than ● 1970
intuition to make decisions. ○ Division 14 Membership exceeded
1,100
Major Fields of I/O Psychology ● 1971
● Personnel psychology ○ B.F. Skinner published Beyond
○ Concentrates on the selection and Freedom and Dignity
evaluation of employees ● 1980
● Organizational psychology ○ Division 14 Membership exceeded
○ Investigates the behavior of employees 1,800
within the context of an organization ● 1982
● Human factors/ergonomics ○ Division 14 was renamed Society for
○ Focuses on the interaction between Industrial and Organizational
humans and machines Psychology (SIOP)
● 1986
History of I/O Psychology ○ Society for Industrial and
● 1903 Organizational Psychology (SIOP)
○ Walter Dill Scott published The held its first annual national
Theory of Advertising conference separate from the APA
● 1911 meeting.
○ Walter Dill Scott published Increasing ● 1989
Human Efficiency in Business ○ Supreme Court set a conservative
● 1913 trend and became more
○ Hugo Münsterberg published “employer-friendly.”
Psychology and Industrial Efficiency ● 1990
(German version published in 1910) ○ Americans with Disabilities Act
● 1917 passed SIOP membership exceeded
○ Journal of Applied Psychology, first 2,832
published ● 1991
● 1918 ○ Civil Rights Act of 1991 passed to
○ World War I provided I/O overcome1989 conservative Supreme
, ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
● 2000 ○ Conduct independent research
○ SIOP Membership exceeded 5,700 projects, join professional clubs, and
● 2005 do internships related to the field.
○ Office of Federal Contract Compliance
Programs (OFCCP) and Equal The Importance of Conducting Research
Employment Opportunity Commission ● Common Sense is Wrong
(EEOC) became more aggressive in ○ It is wrong not to conduct research
fighting systemic discrimination. SIOP simply because an answer to a
membership exceeded 5,900 question is common sense.
● 2008 ○ History shows us that trusting
○ The journal Industrial and common sense leads to terrible ideas
Organizational Psychology: ○ Research saves organizations money
Perspectives on Science and Practice ○ Helps in critically listening and
began publication as the official analyzing results of certain studies
journal of SIOP (such as political polls or
● 2009 TVcommercials that claim"nine out of
○ Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act and ten dentists recommend this product")
Americans with Disabilities and making more intelligent decisions
ActAmendment Act(ADAAA) passed
● 2010 Understand How to Conduct Research
○ SIOP membership exceeded 8,000; ● A simple way to explain the research process
SIOP members narrowly voted to keep is an Idea, a hypothesis, and then an
the name Society for Industrial explanation or theory after testing the
Organizational Psychology rather hypothesis.
than change the name to the Society ● When having an idea, we should question
for Organizational Psychology things that could correlate or affect two
● 2013 variables.
○ OFCCP issued new regulations ○ Such the method of recruiting in the
affecting the hiring of military quantities and qualities of employees
veterans and individuals with in a business
disabilities ● The hypothesis is an assumption that could be
● 2014 based on related published articles and
○ SIOP membership exceeded 8,300 previous researchers on the outcome of the
testing.
Admission Requirements for Graduate ○ An example of this would be
Programs in I/O Psychology employees would stay longer if
Getting a master’s or doctoral degree increases referred to compared to other
employment and career opportunities methods.
● The theory would be backing up your
● The admission varies from school to school, hypothesis, so the hypothesis is not a random
but an undergraduate GPA of at least 3.00 is guess.
required. ○ Like socialization, theory supports the
● In the case of the United States, a score of at previous hypothesis.
least 300 is required on the Graduate Record
Exam(GRE)
Being able to Differentiate Various Research methods
Advice to Get into Graduate School: ● Depending on the topic of the research and
● In the case of the US what you are testing we must choose a
○ Take extra Math and English courses. research method that best fits it.
Study well for the GRE and get a good ● Choosing a research method that best fits the
night's sleep. research would yield better results and be
● Psych Courses much easier when the process does not
○ Take at least one psychology course in correlate with the research well
each of these areas: statistics, ● Examples of research methods include
experimental methods, abnormal experiments,quasi-experiments, archival
psychology, personality, social research, observations, surveys, and
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