Summary
Summary HBEDTL6 SUMARY OF LEARNING SECTION (EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY)
- Course
- Institution
HBEDTL6 SUMARY OF LEARNING SECTION (EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY) GREAT FOR REVISION FOR EXAM TO STUDY FROM
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
YourAcademicSidekick
Reviews received
Content preview
EXAM PREPHBEDTL6 – LEARNING SECTION (EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY)
DEFINE AND DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING CONCEPTS:
ethnography: a descriptive approach to research that focuses on life within a group and tries to understand the
meaning of events to the people involved
participant observation: a method for conducting descriptive research in which the researcher becomes a
participant in the situation in order to better understand life in that group
case study: intensive study of one person or one situation
correlations: statistical descriptions of how closely two variables are related
o positive correlation – a relationship between two variable in which the two increase or decrease
together, e.g. calorie intake and weight gain
o negative correlation – a relationship between two variables in which a high value in one is associated
with a low value on the other, e.g. height and distance from top of head to the ceiling
experimentation: research method in which variables are manipulated and the effects recorded
participants: people or animals studied (subjects)
random: without any definite pattern; following no rule; each participant has an equal chance of being in any
group
statistically significant: not likely to be a chance occurrence
psychosocial development: the relation of the individual's emotional needs to the social environment; the
emergence of the self, the search for identity; the individual's relationship with others and the role of culture
throughout life
developmental crisis: a specific conflict whose resolution prepares the way for the next stage; a conflict between
a positive and potentially unhealthy alternative
identity: the complex answer to the question: 'Who am I?'
identity foreclosure: acceptance of parental life choices without consideration of options; commitment without
exploration – have not experimented with different identities or explored a range of options
moratorium: identity crisis; suspension of choices because of struggle; exploration with a delay in commitment
to personal and occupational choices
moral reasoning: the thinking process involved in judgements about questions of right and wrong
distributive justice: beliefs about how to divide materials or privileges among members of a group; follows a
sequence of development from equality, to merit to benevolence
moral realism: stage of development wherein children see rules as absolute
morality of cooperation: stage of development wherein children realise that people make rules and people can
change them
moral dilemmas: situations in which no choice is clearly and indisputably right
disability: the inability to do something specific such as walk or hear
intelligence: ability or abilities to acquire and use knowledge for solving problems and adapting to the world
general intelligence: a general factor in cognitive ability that is related in varying degrees to performance on all
mental tests
crystallised intelligence: ability to apply culturally approved problem-solving methods
learning disability: problem with acquisition and use of language; may show up as a difficulty with reading,
writing, reasoning, or maths
learned helplessness: the expectation, based on previous experiences with a lack of control, that all one's efforts
will lead to failure
1
, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): current term for disruptive behaviour disorders marked by
overactivity, excessive difficulty in sustaining attention, or impulsiveness
articulation disorders: any of a variety of pronunciation difficulties, such as substitution, distortion or omission
of sounds
mental retardation: significantly below-average intellectual and adaptive social behaviour – evident before age
18
cerebral palsy: condition involving a range of motor or coordination difficulties due to brain damage
spasticity: overly tight or tense muscles, characteristic of some forms of cerebral palsy
epilepsy: disorder marked by seizures and caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain
absence seizure: a seizure involving only a small part of the brain that causes a child to lose contact briefly
autism spectrum disorder: development disability significantly affecting verbal and non-verbal communication
and social interaction, generally evident before age 3 and ranging from mild to major
socio-economic status: (SES) relative standing in the society based on income, power, background, prestige
resistance culture: group values and beliefs about refusing to adopt the behaviours and attitudes of the majority
culture
tracking: assignment to different classes and academic experiences based on achievement
melting-pot: a metaphor for the absorption and assimilation of immigrants into the mainstream of society so
that ethnic differences vanish
self-reinforcement: controlling your own reinforcers
self-management: use of behavioural learning principles to change your own behaviour
vicarious reinforcement: increasing the chances that we will repeat a behaviour by observing another person
being reinforced for that behaviour
sensory memory: initial processing that transfers incoming stimuli into information so we can make sense of
them – system that holds sensory information very briefly
bottom-up processing: perceiving based on noticing separate defining features and assembling them into a
recognisable pattern
prototype: a best example or best representative of a category
automaticity: the ability to perform thoroughly learned tasks without much mental effort
phonological loop: part of working memory; a memory rehearsal system for verbal and sound information of
about 1.5 to 2 seconds
chunking: grouping individual bits of data into meaningful larger units
decay: the weakening and fading of memories with the passage of time
declarative knowledge: knowledge that can be declared; verbal information; facts; knowing that something is
the case
explicit memory: long-term memories that involve deliberate or conscious recall
images: representations based on the physical attributes – the appearance of information
acronym: technique for remembering by using the first letter of each work in a phrase to form a new, memorable
word
problem: any situation in which you are trying to reach some goal and must find a means to do so; has an initial
state (current situation) a goal (the desired outcome), and a path for reaching the goal (including operations or
activities that move you toward the goal)
problem solving: creating new solutions for problems
algorithm: step-by-step procedure for solving a problem; prescription for solutions
heuristics: general strategy used in attempting to solve problems
analogical thinking: heuristic in which one limits the search for solutions to situations that are similar to the one
at hand
confirmation bias: seeking information that confirms our choices and beliefs, while disconfirming evidence
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller YourAcademicSidekick. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $2.76. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
52355 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now