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Samenvatting NST: Deel 1 (Normale Spraak- en Taalontwikkeling) - 1e jaar
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Dit is een samenvatting voor het vak NST, deel 1. Alle informatie voor het examen uit de cursus en presentaties staat er op!
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Normale spraak- &taalontwikkeling
Deel 1: Taalkunde
Inhoudstafel
1 Inleiding...............................................................................................................................................4
2 Fonologie & fonetiek...........................................................................................................................5
2.1 Productie klanken.........................................................................................................................6
2.2 Klanken in het Nederlands............................................................................................................6
Consonanten..................................................................................................................................7
Vocalen...........................................................................................................................................7
Diftongen........................................................................................................................................7
2.3 Klanken transcriberen...................................................................................................................8
3 Consonanten.......................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Traditionele classificatie van consonanten...................................................................................9
Articulatiewijze...............................................................................................................................9
Articulatieplaats............................................................................................................................11
Stembandtrilling...........................................................................................................................12
3.2 Andere classificaties van consonanten.......................................................................................12
4 Vocalen..............................................................................................................................................13
4.1 Traditionele classificatie van de vocalen.....................................................................................13
Stand van de kaken.......................................................................................................................13
Stand van de tong.........................................................................................................................13
Stand van de lippen......................................................................................................................13
4.2 Andere classificaties van vocalen................................................................................................14
5 Diftongen...........................................................................................................................................15
5.1 Classificatie van diftongen..........................................................................................................15
5.2 Vorming van diftongen...............................................................................................................15
6 Syllabe...............................................................................................................................................16
6.1 Syllabestructuur..........................................................................................................................16
Splitsen in syllaben.......................................................................................................................17
Syllabeopbouw.............................................................................................................................17
1
, Foneemcombinaties.....................................................................................................................17
7 Fonologische processen.....................................................................................................................18
7.1 Indeling fonologische processen................................................................................................18
7.2 Syllabestructuurprocessen.........................................................................................................19
7.3 Substitutieprocessen.................................................................................................................19
..........................................................................................................................................................19
7.4 Assimilatieprocessen..................................................................................................................20
7.5 Andere processen.......................................................................................................................21
7.6 Besluit........................................................................................................................................21
8 Morfologie.........................................................................................................................................22
8.1 Morfemen..................................................................................................................................22
8.2 Flexiemorfologie........................................................................................................................22
8.3 Lexicale morfologie / derivatiemorfologie..................................................................................23
Samenstelling...............................................................................................................................23
Afleiding / derivatie.....................................................................................................................23
8.4 Woordsoorten...........................................................................................................................23
Tien woordsoorten.......................................................................................................................23
Oefeningen...................................................................................................................................23
9 Syntaxis..............................................................................................................................................24
9.1 Zinsconstructie...........................................................................................................................24
9.2 Zinslengte..................................................................................................................................24
9.3 Zinsdelen / woordgroepen.........................................................................................................24
9.4 Woordvolgorde...........................................................................................................................25
9.5 Woordsoorten...........................................................................................................................25
10 Semantiek........................................................................................................................................26
10.1 Woordbetekenissen..................................................................................................................26
..........................................................................................................................................................27
10.2 Woordrelaties...........................................................................................................................28
Woordrelaties: 2 niveaus..............................................................................................................28
4 niveaus van discourse (alles wat het niveau vd zin overstijgt)...................................................29
10.3 Verhalen..................................................................................................................................29
11 Pragmatiek.......................................................................................................................................30
11.1 Taalgebruiksvoorwaarden.......................................................................................................30
11.2 Taalgebruiksfuncties.................................................................................................................31
2
, 11.3 Conversatievaardigheden........................................................................................................31
11.4 Verhaalopbouw.......................................................................................................................32
3
, 1 Inleiding
Taal: 3 aspecten/componenten
Taalvorm
Taalinhoud
Taalgebruik
wisselwerking; belang voor communicatie
Taalfacetten (elk component kan hierin worden ingedeeld)
Fonologie (= klankleer)
Morfologie (= woordleer)
Syntaxis (= zinsleer)
Semantiek (= betekenisleer)
Pragmatiek (= taalhandelingsleer)
Taalreceptie Taalproductie
Taalinhoud Bv. begrijpen vh woord “zeepbel” Bv. zitmeubel met 4 poten
benoemen als “stoel”
= taalbetekenis Bv. begrijpen vd zin “Het kostte
hem geen moeite.” Bv. actie van kind beschrijven
= semantiek
met volgende zin: “Juliette klimt
op de stoel.”
Taalvorm Bv. verschil begrijpen ts Bv. zelf produceren vd
“bloempjes” & “bloemen” voorbeelden bij taalreceptie
= taalstructuur
Bv. verschil begrijpen ts de zinnen Bv. correcte vervoeging ww
= fonologie, morfologie
“Mats beet de hond.” & “De hond gebruiken
& syntaxis
beet Mats”
Taalgebruik Bv. begrijpen dat pauze bij spreker Bv. taalgebruik aanpassen aan
kan betekenen dat je kunt context: “hey b, zegget es” (=
= taal in sociale context
beurtnemen geen aangepast taalgebruik in bv.
= pragmatiek lessituatie)
Taalmodaliteiten & taalaspecten
4
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