100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Physiology Respiratory System Summary Notes $7.37   Add to cart

Summary

Physiology Respiratory System Summary Notes

 6 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution
  • Book

Summary notes on the Respiratory System to adequately prepare for a first-year physiology exam.

Preview 2 out of 9  pages

  • No
  • Chapter 23
  • July 22, 2022
  • 9
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
avatar-seller
Respiratory System
Define and compare the processes of internal and external respiration
● External respiration includes all the processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between the bodies interstitial fluids and the external environment
○ Purpose is to meet the respiratory demands of the cells
● Internal respiration is the absorption of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide by those cells
● The integrated steps in external respiration are:
○ Pulmonary ventilation - physically moves air into and out of the lungs. Also termed “breathing”
○ Gas diffusion - across the blood air barrier between alveolar air spaces and alveolar capillaries,
and across capillary walls between blood and other tissues
○ Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide - between alveolar capillaries and capillary beds in other
tissues
● Hypoxia - decline of oxygen levels resulting in affected tissues becoming starved for oxygen
● Anoxia - complete cut off of oxygen supply


Summarise the physical principles controlling the movement of air into and out of the lungs
● Pulmonary ventilation is the physical movement of air into and out of the respiratory tract to maintain
adequate alveolar ventilation (movement of air into and out of alveoli) to prevent buildup of carbon
dioxide in alveoli
● There are some basic physical principles that govern the movement of air:
○ Airflow and pressure gradient - air moves into and out of the respiratory tracts due to pressure
gradients. It flows from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure
○ The relationship between gas pressure and volume (boyle’s law) - if you decrease the volume of
the container, collisions will occur more often per unit of time, increasing the pressure of gas
■ If you increase the volume, fewer collisions occur per unit of time because it takes longer
for a gas molecule to travel from one wall to another, as a result the gas pressure inside
the container decrease
■ Pressure is inversely proportional to volume - Boyle's law

, Each lung is surrounded by a pleural cavity. The parietal and visceral pleura are separated by a thin film of pleural
fluid which allows the two membranes to slide across one another but still be held in place. Hence why the surface of
each lung sticks to the inner wall of the chest and the superior surface of the diaphragm. Movements of the
diaphragm or rib cage that changes the volume of the thoracic cavity and the volume of the lungs.
● The diaphragm forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and it projects superiorly into the thoracic cavity
● When the diaphragm contracts it moves inferiorly which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and
decreasing the pressure
● When it relaxes it returns to its original position and the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases
● Raising the rib cage involves both superior and anterior movements which increase the depth and width of
the thoracic cavity and increase its volume
● Return of the rib cage to its original position decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity
● Air continues to enter the lungs until their volume stops increasing and the internal pressure is the same
as the external pressure


describe the actions of respiratory muscles
● Primary respiratory muscles (diaphragm and external intercostals) are active during normal breathing
and rest
● Accessory respiratory muscles become active when the depth and frequency of breathing needs to be
increased
● Inhalation is an active process and involves the following muscles and actions:
○ Contraction of the diaphragm flattens to the floor of the thoracic cavity and increases its
volume drawing air into the lungs
○ Contraction of the external intercostal muscles assists in inhalation by raising the ribs
○ Contraction of accessory muscles including the sternocleidomastoid, scalene, pectoralis minor
and serratus anterior assists the external intercostal muscles in elevating the ribs
● Exhalation is passive or active depending on
the level of respiratory activity and involves
the following muscles and actions:
○ The internal intercostal muscles
and transversus thoracis depresses

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller tanyaswartz. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $7.37. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67866 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$7.37
  • (0)
  Add to cart