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Summary AQA Psychology Approaches Revision Table
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Revision table including A01 and A03 content for 16 markers and summary revision
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A01:PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH: A03
Can evidence:
use Bowlby’s monotropic theory as support A03: evaluation
Strength is that it has practical applications of
for Freud as it outlines the importance of that psychoanalysis which was a successful talking
Structure of the personality – Tripartite model:
one early relationship and how it effects adult therapy and a dominant therapy in the first half
Id – born id, primitive part of personality, works life. of the 20th century, it believes uncovering
on pleasure principle and demands immediate unconscious thoughts gave insight into mental
Support from schizophrenic theories such as illnesses.
gratification, consists of biological urges,
the schizophrenogenic mother which blames
entirely unconscious
child development on the role of parents, can Weakness is that the theory is not scientific.
Ego – develops to serve the id, works on the link to Freuds idea of frustration and fixation. Concepts of the unconscious and Oedipus
reality principle, after age of 3 it serves the complex are not falsifiable, they cannot be
Little Hans case study is supporting evidence proved or disproved in research. Weakness as
super ego too, balances id and superego,
(although this is criticised as Freud only met his finings are not reliable.
conscious
little Hans once, the case study was subjective)
Super ego – last part to develop, gives us Weakness is Freud’s methodology of case
understanding of norms and values in society, studies, these cannot be generalised and only
works on morality principle, develops in phallic apply to the individual studied (Little Hans), his
stage, conscious observations and interviews were subjective or
involved retrospective recall. Weakness
because it means theory lacks reliability and
Freud’s psychosexual stages (OAPLG) – accuracy.
believed we are born with libido which changes Weakness is that Freud’s theory places an
through areas of the body. Must pass through emphasis on blaming the parents, can be seen
all stages to reach good development as an in schizophrenogenic mother which could be a
adult response to a child’s behaviour rather than the
Frustration – each stage you face conflict which cause of it. Similarly, Bowlby’s theory places
if not resolved can lead to fixation high guilt on the mother to from positive
attachments. Research was around time of the
Fixation – holding on to earlier stages, not war and could be used to force woman to stay
being able to pass through, as a result of too at home once men return, little evidence to
much or too little gratification in the stage. actually support ideas.
, A01:
Oral stage (0-1) – pleasure centred around A03 evidence:
Latent stage – libido stops, and focus is on A03: evaluation
Latent stage – libido stops, and focus is on
mouth, potential frustration is breastfeeding platonic relationships such as friends or platonic relationships such as friends or
relationships with teachers etc relationships with teachers etc
If under-indulged – can lead to fixation and
being untrusting as an adult Genital stage – start forming romantic Genital stage – start forming romantic
relationships, fixation from phallic stage relationships, fixation from phallic stage
If over-indulged – may become fixated and be
manifests here and either selfishness in manifests here and either selfishness in
greedy as an adult
relationships is found or embarrassment and relationships is found or embarrassment and
Anal stage (2-3) – pleasure centred around the difficulty in forming connections is apparent. difficulty in forming connections is apparent.
rectum, frustration is at potty training, Freud
believed this was where libidinal energy was
focussed Role of the unconscious – 3 stages: Role of the unconscious – 3 stages:
If anally retentive (too strict) – become fixated, Conscious – rational, logical part of the mind, Conscious – rational, logical part of the mind,
be excessively neat and ‘anal’ about things as the part of our personality we are aware of and the part of our personality we are aware of and
an adult is deemed acceptable is deemed acceptable
If anally expulsive (too chill) – become fixated, Preconscious – where unconscious thoughts Preconscious – where unconscious thoughts
be messy and chaotic as an adult can pass through into the conscious, happens in can pass through into the conscious, happens in
things such as dreams things such as dreams
Phallic stage – libidinal energy shifts to genitals,
Oedipus complex: is found through castration Unconscious – drives our personality, protects Unconscious – drives our personality, protects
anxiety, boy identifies with his father due to us from anxiety and trauma through defence us from anxiety and trauma through defence
having feelings for his mother and believing to mechanisms, unconscious urges and desires, mechanisms, unconscious urges and desires,
earn his mothers love he must reflect his manages conflict between id and superego , manages conflict between id and superego ,
father. The superego is born holds what is considered too disturbing to be holds what is considered too disturbing to be
conscious conscious
If mother overindulges – becomes fixated and
leads to being narcissistic as an adult, selfish in
relationships If ridiculed by parents – becomes
fixated and is guilt ridden as an adult, difficulty
forming relationships
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