100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Exam 3 Study Questions ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT SPRING FALL-2022 LATEST GUARANTEED GRADE A+ $13.99
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. University Of Texas - Arlington
  4.  
  5. NURSING FN NURS 5334 (NURSINGFNNURS5334)

Exam (elaborations)

Exam 3 Study Questions ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT SPRING FALL-2022 LATEST GUARANTEED GRADE A+
 0 purchase
  • Course
  • NURSING FN NURS 5334 (NURSINGFNNURS5334)
  • Institution
  • University Of Texas - Arlington

• What drugs are used to treat gestational diabetes? o Metformin and Insulin • What A1C value indicates diabetes mellitus? Pre-DM? o 6.5% or greater is considered diabetes o 5.7-6.4% pre-diabetes • What fasting and random values indicate DM? o Fasting plasma glucose—126 or greater is ...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 39  pages

Document information

  • July 26, 2022
  • 39
  • 2021/2022
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • nursing fn nurs 5334
  • exam 3 study questions
  • • w
  • • what drugs are used to treat gestational diabetes
  • • what a1c value indicates diabetes mellitus pre dm
  • • what fasting and random values indicate dm

Written for

  • University Of Texas - Arlington
  • NURSING FN NURS 5334 (NURSINGFNNURS5334)
All documents for this subject (21)

Seller

avatar-seller
Allan100

Reviews received

Content preview

Exam 3 Study Questions
ALL ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT SPRING FALL-
2022 LATEST
GUARANTEED GRADE A+
• What drugs are used to treat gestational diabetes?
o Metformin and Insulin
• What A1C value indicates diabetes mellitus? Pre-DM?
o 6.5% or greater is considered diabetes
o 5.7-6.4% pre-diabetes
• What fasting and random values indicate DM?
o Fasting plasma glucose—126 or greater is diabetes
o Random (casual) plasma glucose—anything greater than 200 is diabetes
• What are complications of insulin therapy?
o Hypoglycemia
o Can develop lipohypertrophy
▪ Accumulation of subcutaneous fat that occurs when it is injected too frequently
at the same site
o Allergic reactions
▪ Characterized by red and intensely itchy welts, breathing becomes difficult
▪ If severe allergy develops:
• Desensitization procedure (small doses to larger doses)
o Hypokalemia
▪ Promotes the uptake of potassium cells and insulin activates a membrane-bound
enzyme with sodium potassium and ATPase that pumps potassium into the cells
and sodium out
• Drug interactions?
o Hypoglycemic agents
▪ Can intensify the hypoglycemia included by insulin
▪ Examples: sulfonylureas, glinides, alcohol
o Use with caution with hyperglycemic agents
▪ Examples: thiazide and glucocorticoids and sympathomimetics
• What effect do beta blockers have on insulin?
o delay awareness of and response to hypoglycemia by masking the signs that are
associated with stimulation of sympathetic nervous system
o Impair glycogenolysis
o Prevent the bodies counter-regulatory response
• What are other therapeutic uses besides DM?
o Hyperkalemia
o Aids in diagnosis of GH deficiency
o Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Insulin dosage must be coordinated with what?
o Carbohydrate intake

1

,• What is B/P goal in diabetic?
o To be controlled, within normal 120/80
• What medication can be given to decrease risk of diabetic nephropathy?
o ACE inhibitor or ARB
• What role does exercise play in treatment of both type 1 and type 2 DM?
o Exercise increases cellular responsiveness to insulin and increases glucose tolerance
o 150 minute per week of moderate intensity exercise is recommended
• What are the 4 steps in the 4-step approach?
o Step 1—diagnosis
▪ Lifestyle changes plus metformin
o Step 2
▪ Lifestyle changes plus metformin and a second drug (sulfonylurea, TZD or a DPP4
inhibitor, a sodium glucose cotransporter or SGLT-2 inhibitor, a glucagon-like
peptide 1, or a GLP-1 receptor agonist or basal insulin
▪ Second drug choice made considering efficacy, the hypoglycemia risk of the
patient, the patient tolerability, and weight-related considerations (some help
weight loss, some cause weight gain), cost
o Step 3
▪ Three drug combination
• Metformin
• Plus 2 other drugs from step 2
o Decided based on a drug and patient specific considerations
o Step 4
▪ If 3 drug combination that includes basal insulin fails after 3-6 months, more
complex insulin regimen
▪ Usually in combination with one or more non-insulin medications
• When a patient is on insulin therapy what are the blood glucose goals before meals? At
bedtime?
o Before meals—70-130
o Bedtime—100-140
• What is the A1C goal? When is goal below 7 not appropriate?
o 7% or below
o Those with severe hypoglycemia risk, limited life expectancy, advanced microvascular or
macrovascular complications—not below 7
• What are the short acting insulins? Intermediate? Long acting?
o Short duration: Rapid acting
▪ Insulin lispro [Humalog]
▪ Insulin aspart [NovoLog]
▪ Insulin glulisine [Apidra]
o Short duration: Slower acting
▪ Regular insulin [Humulin R, Novolin R]
o Intermediate duration
▪ Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin
▪ Insulin detemir [Levemir]
o Long duration
2

, ▪ Insulin glargine
• When are short duration insulins used?
o Administered in association with meals to control the post-prandial rise in blood glucose
between meals and at night
• When are intermediate insulins needed?
o Administer 2-3 times daily to provide glycemic control between meals and during the
night
• How long is duration of glargine? Levemir? Degludec?
o Glargine—up to 24 hours
o Levemir
▪ Low dose (0.2 units/kg)—12 hours
▪ High doses (0.4 units/kg)—20-24 hours
o Degludec—up to 42 hours
• What are routes of administration? Which can be inhaled?
o SQ injection
o IV infusion
o Inhalation—Afrezza, mealtime insulin
• What is typical dosing for type 1? Type 2?
o Total doses may range from 0.1 unit/kg body weight to more than 2.5 units/kg
o Type 1
▪ Initial doses typically range from 0.5-0.6 units/kg per day
o Type 2
▪ Initial doses range from 0.2-0.6 units/kg per day
▪ Dosage increased or decreased according to carb intake, activity
• What are the 3 dosing schedules?
o Twice daily dosing
o Intensive basal/bolus strategy
o Continued subcutaneous insulin
• How does metformin work?
o Inhibits glucose production in the liver
o Reduces glucose absorption in the gut
o Sensitizes insulin receptors in target tissues (fat and skeletal muscle) thus increase
glucose uptake and response to whatever insulin is available
• What are side effects? BB warning?
o GI effects—diarrhea
o Lactic acidosis
• How does alcohol effect?
o Inhibits the breakdown of lactic acid
• What are the therapeutic uses other than DM?
o Gestational diabetes
o PCOS
• Sulfonylureas
o First generation
▪ Chlorpropamide [Diabinese]
3

, ▪ Tolazamide [Tolinase]
▪ Tolbutamine [Orinase]
o Second Generation:
▪ Glyburide [Diabeta, Glynase, Micronase] with metformin [Glucovance]
▪ Glypizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL); with metformin [metaglip])
▪ Glimepiride (Amaryl; with metformin [Amaryl M], with pioglitazone [Duetact]
with rosiglitazone [Avandaryl]
o MOA?
▪ Promote insulin release
o Main side effect?
▪ Hypoglycemia
▪ Weight gain
o How does cimetidine effect? Beta blocker?
▪ Cimetidine—intensifies the response
▪ Beta blockers—diminish the benefits by suppressing the insulin release
• Meglitinides (Repaglinide and Nateglinide)
o MOA—stimulate pancreatic insulin release
o Drug/Drug interaction—gemfibrozil
• Thiazolidinediones (glitazones)
o Reduce glucose levels primarily by decreasing insulin resistance
o Only indication is type 2 diabetes, mainly as an add-on to metformin
o Rosiglitazone [Avandia]: Restricted use
o Pioglitazone [Actos]
o Can they be used in patient with CHF?
▪ No
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (Acarbose or Precose; Miglitol (glyset))
o What races are these more effective in?
▪ Latinos and African Americans
• DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins)
o MOA—promote glycemic control by enhancing the actions of the incretin hormones and
they stimulate glucose dependent release of insulin
▪ Suppress your post-prandial release of glucagon
o What is the % of A1C reduction?
▪ 0.5%
• Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors (Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin)
• How does colesevelam work in treatment of DM? Bromocriptine?
o Colesevelam—bile acid sequestrant used to lower cholesterol and helps lower blood
glucose
▪ Many with diabetes also have high cholesterol so 2 birds-1 stone
o Bromocriptine—adjunct to diet and exercise (0.5% reduction)
• Injectables
o Amylin memetics?
▪ Pramlintide
▪ Side effects—hypoglycemia when used with insulin

4

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Allan100. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $13.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

63950 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling

Recently viewed by you

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

2024 NUR HESI EXIT RN CAT EXAM QUESTIONS& ANSWERS 100%correct/verified Graded A+ NGN

Package deal ·

(0)

OFFICIAL BIOLOGY CLEP TEST - COLLEGE BOARD EXAMS 2024/25 COMPILATION BUNDLE |NEW & UPDATED!!!

Exam (elaborations) ·

(3)

NR 224 EXAM 1 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES LATEST UPDATES 2023-2024

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

2023 Excel Crash Course Exam from Wall Street Prep - Wall Street Prep Questions And Answers

Package deal ·

(0)

Nancy Caroline’s Emergency Care in the Streets (8th & 9TH EDITION) Test Bank |PACKAGE DEAL

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

TEST BANK For Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 10th Edition by Elaine N. Marieb

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

Essentials of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 4th Edition Varcarolis Nursing Test Banks

Interview ·

(0)

Fiche de révision Doit-on définir l'homme par la conscience? Philosophie Tronc Commun

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

SOCL 100 Final - MacEwan University Questions And Answers With Latest Study Solutions

$13.99
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added