NUR 2502 MDC 3 – EXAM 1 BLUEPRINT

NUR 2502 MDC 3 – EXAM 1 BLUEPRINT Breast Cancer Patho: - Impaired cellular regulation in the breast tissue. One single cell that grows and multiplies in epithelial cells in one or more of the mammary ducts or lobules Risk Factors: - Increased age - family history - early menarche - nulliparity - late menopause - lack of breastfeeding - postmenopausal obesity - smoking/alcohol consumption - positive BRCA 1 or 2 Assessment: - Lump in the breast, changes in the size, shape or appearance of a breast, changes to the skin over the breast such as dimpling, a newly inverted nipple, peeling, scaling, crusting, or flaking of areola or breast skin, peau d’ orange, tender, firm, enlarged or itchy breast. Diagnosis: - Mammogram, tomosynthesis, ultrasound, MRI, chest x-ray, CT scan, liver enzymes, serum calcium, alkaline phosphate Treatment: - Non-surgical: vitamins, diets, and herbal therapy - Surgical: lumpectomy, mastectomy (partial, total, or radical) - Adjuvant: radiation, chemo or combo, drug therapy, stem cell transplant therapy Self-screening and mammogram recommendations: - Self-breast exam MONTHLY for all women 7-10 days after menstruation starts - 45-54 mammograms every year - Screening should continue as long as a woman is in good health - Those with risk factors start screening earlier Fibrocystic Breast Disorder Patho: - Non-cancerous, lumpy breast texture Risk Factors: - Hormone replacement therapy - 20-50 years old Assessment: - breast pain/tenderness/lumps Diagnosis: - Clinical breast exam - Mammogram - Ultrasound - Fine-needle aspiration - Breast biopsy Treatment: - Analgesics - Limit salt intake before menses - Wear supportive bra at all times - Ice or heat may help - Reduce or eliminate caffeine, dairy product - Needle aspiration may be necessary - Oral contraceptives or selective estrogen receptor modulators may be prescribed to help with hormonal imbalance Endometrial Cancer Patho: - Most common reproductive cancer of the inner uterine lining. Adenocarcinoma is the most common tumor type. It arises from the glandular part of the endometrium and usually follows endometrial hyperplasia (overgrowth) - Stages of Endometrial Cancer: Stage 1: endometrium only Stage 2: endometrium, cervix Stage 3: endometrium, cervix, vagina, lymph nodes Stage 4: endometrium, cervix, vagina, lymph nodes, bowel and bladder Risk Factors: - women in reproductive years - family history - diabetes mellitus