In dit document vind je een samenvatting van het onderdeel proefdierkunde. Ik behaalde met deze samenvatting een 16/20 voor het gehele vak dierkunde & proefdierkunde.
Inhoud
Beginselen proefdierkunde :..................................................................................................................1
Samenvatting..........................................................................................................................................1
................................................................................................................................................................1
Beginselen proefdierkunde....................................................................................................................5
1. Proefdier algemeen:...........................................................................................................................6
1.1 Wat is een proefdier?...................................................................................................................6
1.2 Aantal proefdieren........................................................................................................................6
1.3 Wat is een dierproef.....................................................................................................................6
, 1.4 Waarom dierproeven : algemeen?...............................................................................................6
2. Dierproeven voor farmaceutische industrie.......................................................................................6
2.1 Algemene toxicologie is het geneesmiddel toxisch ......................................................................6
2.2 Safety pharmacology (geneesmiddel nadelig effect op orgaanstelsel?).......................................7
2.2.1 Centraal zenuwstelsel............................................................................................................7
2.2.2 Hart en bloedvaten (cardiovasculaire problemen 2 e grootste oorzaak terugtrekken
geneesmiddel)................................................................................................................................8
2.2.3 Ademhaling............................................................................................................................9
2.2.4 Spijsvertering.........................................................................................................................9
2.3 Opvolgen van bepaalde zaken......................................................................................................9
2.3.1 Opvolgen carcinogeniciteit (geneesmiddel kankerverwekkend?)..........................................9
2.3.2 Fertiliteitstesten.....................................................................................................................9
2.3.3 Opvolgen van teratogeniciteit (afwijkingen bij ontwikkeling foetus)...................................10
2.4 Farmacokinetiek.........................................................................................................................10
2.4.1 Quantitative whole-body autoradiography (QBWA)............................................................10
2.5 Locale tolerantie.........................................................................................................................10
2.5.1 Corrosie/irritaite : Draize test..............................................................................................10
2.5.2 Sensitisatie : local lymph node assay (LLNA)........................................................................11
2.6 Bloed-en urineonderzoek...........................................................................................................11
2.6.1 Bloedonderzoek...................................................................................................................11
2.6.2 Urineonderzoek...................................................................................................................11
2.7 Postmortem analyse (dier opofferen en organen nagaan).........................................................11
3. Kritiek op dierproeven......................................................................................................................11
3.1 Argumenten tegen dierproeven.................................................................................................11
3.2 Proefdier ≠ mens........................................................................................................................12
3.2.1 TGN1412..............................................................................................................................12
3.2.2 Penicilline.............................................................................................................................12
3.3 Het thalidomide schandaal.........................................................................................................12
3.4 Zijn proefdieren aanvaardbaar?.................................................................................................12
3.5 Opleidingen................................................................................................................................12
3.6 3R’s concept (= kern proefdierethiek).......................................................................................13
3.6.1 Replacement/vervanging.....................................................................................................13
3.6.2 Reduction/vermindering.....................................................................................................15
3.6.3 Refinement/verfijning..........................................................................................................15
4. Een dierproef doe je niet zomaar.....................................................................................................15
4.1 Algemene verloop.......................................................................................................................15
, 4.2 Ethisch Commissie Dierproeven (ECD)........................................................................................16
4.3 Projectaanvraag ECD..................................................................................................................16
5. Experimentele technieken................................................................................................................16
5.1 Huisvesting.................................................................................................................................16
5.1.1 Germ-free............................................................................................................................16
5.1.2 Specific pathogen free (SPF)................................................................................................16
5.1.3 Conventioneel......................................................................................................................17
5.2 Merken van proefdieren.............................................................................................................17
5.2.1 Tijdelijk.................................................................................................................................17
5.2.2 Permanent...........................................................................................................................17
5.3 Immobilisatie van proefdieren....................................................................................................17
5.3.1 Met de hand........................................................................................................................17
5.3.2 Met restrainers....................................................................................................................17
5.3.3 Via anesthesie......................................................................................................................18
5.4 Toediening van testsubstanties/geneesmiddelen......................................................................19
5.4.1 Via huid/muceuze membranen...........................................................................................19
5.4.2 Via enterale toediening (GI) via maag-darm systeem.........................................................19
5.4.3 Via parentale toediening (nt via maag-darm)......................................................................19
5.4.4 Via specifieke toedieningswijzen.........................................................................................19
5.4.5 Via chronische toediening (gedurende lange periode)........................................................20
5.5 Isolatie van lichaamsvloeistoffen................................................................................................20
5.5.1 Bloed (muizen & ratten).......................................................................................................20
5.5.2 Faeces & urine.....................................................................................................................20
5.6 Euthanasie (= goede dood) van proefdieren...............................................................................20
5.6.1 Pijn en/of ongerief vaststellen bij muizen............................................................................21
5.6.2 Manier van euthanasie........................................................................................................21
6. De muis als proefdiermodel..............................................................................................................22
6.1 Muis meest gebruikte proefdier.................................................................................................22
6.1.1 Voordelen muis als proefdiermodel....................................................................................22
6.1.2 Enkele bijzondere lijnen.......................................................................................................22
6.2 De dissectie van de muis.............................................................................................................22
1. Proefdier algemeen:.......................................................................................................................4
1.1 Wat is een proefdier?.............................................................................................................4
1.2 Aantal proefdieren.................................................................................................................4
1.3 Wat is een dierproef...............................................................................................................5
1.4 Waarom dierproeven : algemeen?.........................................................................................5
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